题目内容

【题目】洞庭湖是我国重要的湿地,阅读资料回答下列问题。

(1)小王在维基百科查到了“洞庭湖面积变化 (以1825年以前为100%)表”,据此分析洞庭湖湖面面积变化及影响这种变化的自然、人文因素。

年代

面积(平方公里)

变化百分比

1644-1825年

约6,200

100%

1826-1915年

约5,600

90%

1916-1949年

约4,200

67%

1950-1978年

约2,700

44%

1978-1998年

约2,600

42%

1999-2004年

约3,900

64%

湖面面积变化:_________________________________________。

自然因素:_____________________________________________。

人文因素:_____________________________________________。

材料:上世纪90年代末,当时粮价低迷,湖区土地大量弃耕抛荒,一些地方政府为“调整结构”鼓励农民大种杨树。洞庭湖区目前种植的杨树绝大部分是耐水速生型意大利杨和美国黑杨。

(2)在湖泊洲滩上大量种植杨树对湿地生态功能的不利影响有哪些?(至少谈两点)

【答案】(1)湖面面积变化:自明清至1998年湖面面积下降,自1999年湖面面积上升。自然因素:入湖泥沙淤积。人文因素:围湖造田和退田还湖。

(2)①在湖区湿地大面积种植杨树后,将挤占其他物种生存的空间,对生物多样性会产生负面影响;②同时在芦苇洲滩上种植杨树,有可能把湖区湿地景观变为森林景观,加速湖泊的退化;③行洪道种树则影响湖泊行洪、泄洪功能。

【解析】

试题

1)根据表格数据,自明清至1998年湖面面积下降,自1999年湖面面积上升。面积变化的自然因素是入湖泥沙淤积,人文因素是围湖造田和退田还湖。

2)湿地有独立的生态系统,在湖区湿地大面积种植杨树后,将挤占其他物种生存的空间,对生物多样性会产生负面影响。同时在芦苇洲滩上种植杨树,有可能把湖区湿地景观变为森林景观,加速湖泊的退化。行洪道种树则影响湖泊行洪、泄洪功能。

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【题目】阅读理解
Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their cooperation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.
Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all. Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest “We didn't take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
(1)The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ________.
A.compete for survival
B.protect their own wealth
C.depend on each other
D.provide support for dying trees
(2)“Mother trees” are extremely important because they ________.
A.look the largest in size in the forest
B.pass on nutrition to young trees
C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D.know more about the complex “tree societies”
(3)The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A.how “tree societies” work
B.how trees grow old
C.how forestry industry develops
D.how young trees survive
(4)What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B.Young Trees are In Need Of Protection
C.Trees Are More Awesome Thart You Think
D.Trees Contribute To Our Society

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