题目内容

【题目】阅读下面这首词，完成下列各题。

沁园春·长沙

毛泽东

独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲头。看万山红遍，层林尽染；漫江碧透，百舸争流。鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底，万类霜天竞自由。怅寥廓，问苍茫大地，谁主沉浮？

携来百侣曾游。忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。恰同学少年，风华正茂；书生意气，挥斥方遒。指点江山，激扬文字，粪土当年万户侯。曾记否，到中流击水，浪遏飞舟？

【1】这首词上阕写暮秋景色，词中哪些词语突出了秋色之深？

答： ________________________________________________________________

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【2】在“鹰击长空”“鱼翔浅底”两句中，“击”和“翔”具有怎样的表达效果？请结合语句的含意进行简要分析。

答： _________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

【3】上阕“看万山红遍”以下各句，下阕“恰同学少年”以下各句，是铺叙，也就是古人所说“赋、比、兴”手法中的“赋”。此处使用“赋”有怎样的艺术效果？

答：__________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

【4】这首词为我们塑造了青年毛泽东什么样的形象？

答：__________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

【5】《沁园春·长沙》采用了异色相衬的描写手法，描绘了一幅山红江碧的绚烂画面。在你所背诵过的古诗中能否找到类似的画面？请默写其中一首，并作简要分析。

答：________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

【答案】

【1】上阕写暮秋景色，“红遍”和“尽染”两个词中的“遍”和“尽”字，突出了秋色之深。

【2】“击”字生动形象地刻画了雄鹰在天空翱翔的样子，给人以力量感；“翔”字准确细腻地表现了鱼在水中自由自在生活的情趣，给人以美的享受。

【3】词人使用铺陈、排比的手法，先抒发了对美好秋景的赞美之情，后回忆了“同学少年”的激情岁月。这样写，使词句连贯直下，非常有气势，为抒情、议论营造了充足的背景气氛。

【4】这首词塑造了一个风华正茂、意气奔放、指点江山、胸怀天下、粪土当年万户侯的青年英雄形象。

【5】示例：(1)白居易《忆江南》：“江南好，风景旧曾谙。日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝。能不忆江南？”这首词别出心裁地以“江”为中心下笔，又通过“红胜火”和“绿如蓝”，异色相衬，展现了鲜艳夺目的江南春景，表达了词人对江南的热爱。

(2)杜甫《绝句》：“江碧鸟逾白，山青花欲燃。今春看又过，何日是归年。”这首诗以江碧衬鸟翎的白，碧白相映生辉；以山青衬花葩的红，青红互为竞丽。以色彩鲜明、清新怡人的美好风光反衬诗人强烈盼望归家的心情，抒发了长久旅居他乡的感慨。

【解析】

【1】本题考查对词中选用的意象的理解。解答时要紧扣“秋色之深”，从上阕写景的语句中筛选出描写景物“程度”的副词。

【2】本题考查对“诗眼”的分析。所谓诗眼，即一句诗中最精练传神的一个字，这里虽然是词句，在这两句中“击”和“翔”也起着诗眼的作用。

【3】“赋”往往使用铺陈、排比的手法，直接抒情、叙事。在这首词中，这两组排比语句，还具有营造气势、为下文作铺垫的作用。

【4】本题考查对词中抒情主人公形象的理解、把握。可以采用“摘引法”，从词中找出能体现词人形象特点的语句，然后加以概括。

【5】本题考查对描写手法的分析。首先默写符合题干要求的古诗，再作分析；分析时抓住表示不同颜色的词，分析其互衬的效果。

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