题目内容

【题目】樊树志在《国史十六讲》中说：“政治与血缘的结合，看似牢不可破，其实不然。既然周天子授土授民给诸侯叫做‘建国’，诸侯授土授民给卿、大夫叫做‘立家’，因此对于士、庶民而言，就有‘国’与‘家’的对立，他们把自己的宗族称为‘家’，只知效忠于‘家’，而不知效忠于‘国’。”材料表明

A．分封制在历史上的作用是弊大于利

B．宗法制与分封制是互为表里的关系

C．宗法制是古代中国政治制度的核心

D．分封制隐含着国家分裂割据的因素

【答案】D

【解析】材料提到分封制有“建国”与“立家”之分，对于士、庶民而言，就有“国”与“家”的对立，“只知效忠于‘家’，而不知效忠于‘国’”，容易导致士和庶民不忠于国，只忠于家的局面的形成，这反映了分封制隐含着分裂国家的因素，故选D。分封制在前期起到过巩固国家政权、扩大统治疆域的作用，到西周后期，王权衰弱，其弊端显现，排除A。材料重点不在于分封制与宗法制的关系，排除B。宗法制是早期中国政治制度的核心，而不是整个中国古代政治制度的核心，排除C。

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【题目】Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.

Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out, stay outside with them.When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.

If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere.Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality.Keep an eye on your pet’s water.Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink.Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.

【1】What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?

A.They are often forgotten by their owners.

B.They are used to living outdoors.

C.They build their own shelter.

D.They like to stay in warm places.

【2】Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?

A.To know when to bring them inside.

B.To keep them from eating bad food.

C.To help them find shelter.

D.To keep them company.

【3】If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ___.

A.run short of clean water

B.dig deep holes for fun

C.dirty the snow nearby

D.get lost in the wild

【4】What is the purpose of this text?

A.To solve a problem.

B.To give practical advice.

C.To tell an interesting story.

D.To present a research result.

【题目】1944年7月，孔祥熙发给蒋介石密电：“英、美暗斗颇剧,美对基金必需掌握,英对国际银行颇欲主持,美可能将国际银行对英让步,其他各国则望基金与银行均告成功。”与这封密电有关的历史事件是

A.布雷顿森林会议召开 B.马歇尔计划实施

C.北大西洋公约组织成立 D.华沙条约组织建立

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Five ways to end procrastination

Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. Waiting until later is one of life’s guilty secrets, but procrastination (拖延症) is linked to poorer health, work and relationship outcomes. Here are five ways to try to remedy (纠正) procrastination.:

1. A five-minute start

Five minutes is nothing — it’s just three hundred seconds. It’s the length of a song or a TV commercial. Pick up a project you’ve been putting off and spare just 300 seconds of your time to do it. 【1】 After a while, the momentum (动力) of beginning the task will push you forward.

2. Set goals and rewards

During the day, set goals and rewards. Each time you achieve a goal, you earn the reward: a short break, a funny YouTube video or something else. 【2】 Make sure you select a time to review your progress and adjust your targets accordingly.

3. Be good to yourself — me today versus me tomorrow

Sometimes, when you find yourself buried in work, you are upset with yourself for not having started earlier. Imagine a conversation, between “you today” and “you tomorrow”. 【3】

4. I was there — witnessing accountability (责任制)

【4】 Consider going on a diet: Is there more pressure if you don’t tell a soul, or if you announce it to all your friends, with strict rules to follow if you are invited to dinner? It seems an obvious way of making you feel guilty, but it can also be highly effective.

5. Set creative punishments — negative consequences

Make the consequences of inaction so unbearable that you have no choice but to get busy now. You could write a note to someone that you don’t like. Give the note to a friend with strict instructions to mail the note if you do not achieve your goal. The more you dislike the other party, the stronger the motivation to get the task done.

Procrastination is a silent killer of dreams. 【5】 By understanding and fixing your procrastination, you’ll discover you jump-start many areas of your life.

A. Everyone suffers from it.

B. Once the five minutes is up, stop and reassess.

C. Everyone likes to have a dream of procrastination.

D. Going public with a goal increases your support and accountability.

E. What is the future of my life with the intention of putting off my tasks?

F. If “you tomorrow” could chat with “you today” what would he say?

G. It’s important that the goals are realistic and the rewards are in proportion (按比例).

【题目】C

I went to Arizona earlier this month to see what the college of the future might look like. What I found is an exciting new era of higher education that will help more students get a great, personalized education at an affordable price.

This future may not always include the lecture halls, dormitories, and other features of the traditional college experience. Instead, the colleges I visited are experimenting with ways for students to get their degrees online, allowing them to take courses any place and at any time.

These “colleges without walls,” as they are sometimes called, are at the forefront of the effort to broaden access to higher education, especially for low-income students with full-time jobs and families. During my visit, I heard encouraging stories of students who were taking advantage of these flexible learning models to pursue degrees that could put them on paths to new careers.

One of those students was Shawn Lee. He had a compelling story: After dropping out of college decades ago, he found himself in a series of low-paying, often back-breaking jobs. He recently decided to get his degree when he had his first child and wanted to start building a better life.

Tucked away in an industrial park in Tempe, Rio Salado didn’t look much like a traditional institute of higher education. There were no students running to class. Just a couple of glass-faced office buildings. The college had just 22 full-time faculty serving 60,000 students, with more than half of them attending classes online.

Several students I met during my visit said they liked learning online. “I’ve taken college classes in a big auditorium with herds of people. There was no personal connection,” one student said. “Now I can reach my teacher with the click of a mouse.”

After several days’ visit, I left Arizona feeling quite optimistic about what the future holds for higher education.

【1】What does “colleges without walls” in the third paragraph refer to?

A. Colleges that have no walls around.

B. Colleges that students attend online .

C. Colleges that can be entered freely.

D. Colleges that give students more freedom.

【2】 What made Shawn Lee return to attend college again ?

A. That he has nothing to do.

B. That he couldn’t find a job.

C. That the cost of the college is low.

D. That he wanted to find a better job.

【3】How did the writer feel after the visit ?

A. Hopeful. B. Dissatisfied.

C. Disappointed. D. Upset.

【4】What is the writer’s purpose by writing this passage?

A. To explain what “colleges without walls” are.

B. To advertise the colleges.

C. To encourage people to attend higher education.

D. To introduce a new model of education.

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually figures out the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical 【1】 (disable)

Now, scientists have developed robots that behave 【2】 the same way. Jeff Clune ,a computer scientist , says robots can be sent to a lot of places 【3】 (say) to be unsafe. "The problem is that all of those types of situations and environment are 【4】 (extreme) unpredictable. And it is very likely that robots and humans in those situations become damaged."

He and other scientists are developing technology so that robots 【5】 (continue) operating after the first sign of injury. They want the machines to have the ability 【6】 (make) changes and continue performing 【7】 they can be repaired.

So far the researchers 【8】 (add) one more operation to the skill of robotsworking under difficult conditions. They say they programmed a new robot, 【9】 with six legs, and a robotic arm to learn how to deal with injury.

Mr. Clune says that once the robots become damaged, they use their knowledge of 【10】 their body works to find a way to deal with the damage.

The whole process takes about a minute for the robots to find a way to overcome damage.

【题目】地方行政制度作为中国古代政治文明的重要组成部分，伴随着历史发展而不断变革完善。阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一 后世对秦始皇的这一做法，大多盛赞不已。虽然秦代……仅仅持续了二世……但秦代所形成的专制主义中央集权国家，及其所确定的以郡县制为表现形式的行政区划，却为后世历代所遵奉。

——摘编自李晓杰《体国经野：历史行政区划》

材料二 元行省制中央集权是秦汉以来郡县制中央集权模式的较高级演化形态……元行省制所体现的中央集权与地方分权的主辅结合，明显优于单纯的中央集权或单纯的地方分权。

——李治安《元代行省制的特点与历史作用》

材料三 从秦到清，地方行政制度的形态有过纷纭繁复的变化……这种因时而异的变化只是为了更好地发挥这一集权的功能罢了。因此尽管从表面上看，历代行政区域……废置纷繁，分合靡定，但无非皆就前代之制度沿革益损，而无根本性质的变动。

——周振鹤《中国地方行政制度史》

（1）据材料一，后世对秦始皇在地方行政制度方面的哪一做法“盛赞不已”？概括这一做法的影响。

（2）据材料二，概括行省制的特点；结合所学知识，分析元朝行省制的积极影响。

（3）据材料三，你如何理解从秦朝到清朝地方行政制度“无根本性质的变动”？综合上述材料，谈谈你从中国古代地方行政制度演变中得到的基本认识。

【题目】—You look so young．Haven’t you graduated from your university?

—Yes, I in the English Department of Zhejiang Normal University for four years．

A．was studying B．study

C．had studied D．studied

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