题目内容

【题目】 When life gets hard and you want to give up, remember that life is full of ups and downs, and without the downs, the ups ________ nothing.

A. would mean B. would have meant

C. will mean D. had meant

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:当生活变得艰难你想放弃的时候,记住生活中充满了起起落落,如果没有了落起也就无任何意义。此题考查的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,without the downs=if there werent the downs,故用A适合。

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【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一 传统天下观发轫于一种华夷之分的文化心态,是古代中国历代王朝对外观念的集中体现。早在上古时期,《礼记》便划分了华夷文化上的高下,将夷狄排除在中原的范围之外。基于此,秦以后的中国人将所有四夷都列入藩国的地位,强调中央与四夷各安于等级名分,互不侵夺,平安相处。作为礼治的一种体现,中央对各国进献的贡物,报以丰厚的回赐,以显示出家长式的慷慨大度。不过,上述理念与现实有时并不一致,中央对四夷的所谓控制主要还是表现在名义上的或文化上的,彼此之间等级的高低、地位的尊卑,仅仅在朝贡的文书和礼仪中有所反映。

——摘编自李云泉《朝贡制度史论:中国古代对外关系体制研究》等

材料二 鸦片战争后,魏源等编撰的一批睁眼看世界的作品本应开阔人们的视野,但朝野上下却沉浸在施予恩惠以求羁縻的迷梦中,最多从传统夷狄边患的角度理解此事。即使在第二次鸦片战争惨败后,清廷最怕的也不是割地赔款,而是外国公使进京。但在残酷的现实面前,李鸿章等洋务派认识到不能再简单地用华夷之防来解释帝国与外部世界的关系,顾今日之天下,非三代之天下。……神州者,东南一州也。然而,这种反思更主要的是针对西方资本主义列强而言,晚清帝国对于东洋的朝鲜和日本仍保持着天朝的威严。直至马关订约,帝国丧失了最后一个藩属国,制度层面的藩属体系彻底崩溃,华夷观念才在屈辱的氛围中走向最终的崩溃。

——摘编自雷颐《面对现代性挑战:清王朝的应对》等

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,概括古代政府对外观念的主要特点。

(2)根据材料一、二并结合所学知识,概括晚清政府对传统对外观念态度的变化,并对此予以简要评析。(8分)

【题目】阅读下列材料,从每题所给的四个选项(ABCD)中,选出最佳选项。

C

A new study provides the best evidence yet that wearing a back brace(背撑) will slow the progression of the most common form of scoliosis(背撑) in adolescents, helping them avoid painful spine(脊柱) operation.

Doctors have recommended bracing for more than 50 years, but until now, there was limited evidence that bracing and other conservative treatments relieved back pain or improved quality of life in patients.

“When you have teenagers who are anxious about wearing a brace to school or what their friends will think, it gave us a bit of heartache to try to convince them if we weren’t certain ourselves,” said Dr. Paul D. Sponseller at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, who was not involved in the study. “In light of this new evidence, we can say we really do have a basis for putting them through bracing.”

In the study, researchers led by Dr. Stuart L. Weinstein at the University of Iowa analyzed data on 242 young patients. The children were all aged 10-15 and they all had a spinal curvature(脊柱弯曲) of 20-40 degrees.

The patients were divided into two groups. One group were used for observation(they did not use bracing) ; the other group were required to wear the brace for at least 18 hours daily

In the analysis that included both groups, the rate of treatment success was 72% among children with bracing, compared with 48% among those under observation. The benefit increased when the participants had longer bracing hours. More than 90% of the children who were successfully treated wore their braces more than 13 hours a day.

When her daughter Maddie was diagnosed with scoliosis at age 10, Becky Houser, of North Liberty, Iowa, wanted to avoid operations “at all costs.” So Maddie, a participant in Weinstein’s study, chose to wear a brace.

“We didn’t want to not do anything,” said Houser, who underwent an operation for scoliosis thirty years ago.

After three years of bracing, Maddie, now 13, was thrilled to learn that her spinal curvature was holding steady at 28 degrees. She no longer needs bracing because she has reached the age when children achieve bone maturity.

“We are extremely relieved,” Houser said.

【1】 In the past, when Sponseller recommended bracing he .

A. tried to improve the treatment

B. was unsure about its effectiveness

C. was worried about patients life quality

D. considered other peoples opinions first

【2】 Most participants using the brace found .

A. it was a successful treatment

B. long bracing hours were harmful

C. it had both advantages and disadvantages

D. those under observation recovered mush faster

【3】What was Housers attitude towards the spine operation?

A. She was uncertain about it.

B. She was hopeful of it.

C. She disapproved of it.

D. She tolerated it.

【4】 Why was Housers family extremely relieved?

A. Houser was successful treated.

B. Maddies scoliosis was under control.

C. The research was eventually completed.

D. Conservative treatments were finally accepted.

【5】 What is the passage mainly about?

A. The spinal curvatures progression.

B. The most common form of scoliosis.

C. A detailed analysis of spine operation.

D. A new study on the effectiveness of bracing.

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