题目内容

【题目】阅读下面的文言文,完成下列各题。

李汝华,字茂夫,睢州人。万历八年进士。授兖州推官。征授工科给事中,尝劾戎政尚书郑洛不职。及出阅甘肃边务,洛方经略西事,主和戎。汝华疏洛畏敌贻患,且劾诸将吏侵军资,复请尽垦甘肃闲田。还朝,历吏科都给事中,多所纠擿。巡抚赣。诏四方税务尽领于有司,以其半输税监,进内府,半输户部。独江西潘相勒有司悉由己输。汝华极论相违诏。

汝华在赣十四年,威惠甚著,召拜户部左侍郎,掌部事。福王庄田四万顷,诏旨屡趣,不能及额。汝华数偕廷臣执争,仅减四之一。及王既之国,诏许自遣使督租,所在驿骚。内使阎时诣汝州,杖二人死。汝华请遵祖制隶有司,尽撤还使者,不纳。畿辅、山东大饥,因汝华言,出仓米平粜,且发银以振。汝华复奏行救荒数事,两地赖之。先是山东饥蠲岁赋七十万是年尽蠲又百七十余万汝华以边饷不继请天下税课未入内藏者暂留一半补其缺辅臣亦助为言疏三上不报。

摄吏部事。畿辅、陕西大饥,汝华请振,皆不报。辽东兵事兴,骤增饷三百万。汝华累请发内帑不得,则借支南京部帑,括天下库藏余积。当是时,内帑山积,廷臣请发,率不应。计臣无如何,遂为一切苟且之计,苛敛百姓。而枢臣征兵,乃远及蛮方,致奢崇明、安邦彦相继反,用师连年。又割四川、云南等所加之赋以饷之,而辽饷仍不充,天下已不可支矣。

汝华练达勤敏,立朝无党阿。官户部久,于国计赢缩,边储虚实,与盐漕屯牧诸大政,皆殚心裁剂。岁比不登,意常主宽恤,独加赋之议不能力持,致万方虚耗,内外交讧。得疾乞休,加太子太保致仕。卒,谥恭敏。

(选自《明史·李汝华传》,有删改)

1下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是(3分)

A.先是/山东饥/蠲岁赋七十万是年尽蠲/又百七十余万/汝华以边饷不继请天下税课/未入内藏者/暂留一半补其缺/辅臣亦助为言/疏三上/不报

B.先是/山东饥/蠲岁赋七十万/是年尽蠲又百七十余万/汝华以边饷不继请天下税课/未入内藏者/暂留一半补其缺/辅臣亦助为言/疏三上/不报

C.先是/山东饥/蠲岁赋七十万是年尽蠲/又百七十余万/汝华以边饷不继/请天下税课未人内藏者/暂留一半补其缺/辅臣亦助为言/疏三上/不报

D.先是/山东饥/蠲岁赋七十万/是年尽蠲又百七十余万/汝华以边饷不继/请天下税课未入内藏者/暂留一半补其缺/辅臣亦助为言/疏三上/不报

2下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.古代设官分职,各有专司,有具体职务、做具体工作的官吏可以称为“有司”。

B.拜:文中指授予官职。其他可以表示授予官职的词语有“辟”“除”“征”等。

C.户部是古代六部之一,掌管土地、户口、税收、科举等,长官为户部尚书。

D.谥号是古代帝王、大臣等死后,据其生平事迹评定的称号,如武帝、恭敏。

3下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)

A.李汝华正直敢言。他弹劾郑洛不称职、怕敌人而留祸害,以及将领侵占军需物质;他上奏议论江西潘相不遵守朝廷命令。

B.李汝华反对弊政。他反对福王不当做法;有使者到处骚扰,有官员致人死亡,他请求惩处,朝廷没有接纳他的意见。

C.李汝华关心边防。辽东发生战事,他请求发放军饷,并积极筹措钱财,但是有些官员施政不当,战事不断,导致辽东军饷无法解决。

D.李汝华为政务实。他勤奋、机敏,在朝中没有秘党;他长期在户部任职,对国家财政、边防储备,以及盐业、漕运等都尽心尽力。

4把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)福王庄田四万顷,诏旨屡趣,不能及额。

(2)计臣无如何,遂为一切苟且之计,苛敛百姓。

答案

1D

2】C

3】B

4】(1)福王要庄田四万顷,皇帝下诏书多次催促,不能达到定额(2)管财政的大臣没有办法,就采取了所有小遵守礼法的办法,苛刻地向百姓搜刮

【解析】

1原文标点:先是,山东饥,蠲岁赋七十万,是年尽蠲又百七十余万。汝华以边饷不继,请天下税课未入内藏者,暂留一半补其缺,辅臣亦助为言。疏三上,不报

【2】“科举”不是由户部掌管

【3】“他请求惩处”与原文不符

【4】(1)得分点:屡、趣、及,各1分,句意2分。(2)得分点:如何、苟且、苛敛

参考泽文:

李汝华,字茂夫,睢州人。万历八年考中进士。授任兖州推官。调任工科给事中,曾经弹劾兵部尚书郑洛不称职。到李汝华出京检查甘肃的边防事务,郑洛正在经营西部的事情,主张军事上议和。李汝华上奏疏说郑洛怕敌人,留下祸患,并且弹劾各将吏侵吞军用物资,又请求尽数开垦甘肃闲置的田地。回到朝廷,历任吏科都给事中,纠举揭发了很多事。任江西巡抚。皇帝下诏各地税务全部由有关官员统领,把其中的一半交给税监,进入内府,一半交给户部。只有江西潘相命令有关官员全部由自己交送。李汝华极力论述潘相违背皇帝命令。

李汝华在江西十四年,威望、恩德都很显著,召回朝廷被任命为户部左侍郎,掌管户部的事务。福王要庄田四万顷,皇帝下诏书多次催促,不能达到定额。李汝华多次和朝廷大臣一起谏诤,只减去四分之一。等到福王到了封地后,皇帝下诏允许福王自己派使者督催租税,所到之处受到骚扰。内使阎时到汝州,打死了两个人。李汝华请求遵照祖先的制度将这些事归属有关官员,全部撤回派出去的使者,朝廷没有采纳。京城周围、山东地区发生大饥荒,由于李汝华的进言,朝廷拿出仓库的粮食平价出售,并拿出银子来救济百姓。李汝华又上奏实行救荒几项事,两地依靠这些得以度过灾荒。在这之前,山东饥荒,免除一年税七十万,这年又全部免除(税)一百七十多万。李汝华又以边防军饷赶不上为由,建议全国各地税款还没有送到内库的,暂留一半补充不足,宰相也帮助他进言。奏疏三次递上,皇帝没有批复。

李汝华代理吏部事务。京城周围、陕西发生大饥荒,李汝华请求救济,都没有得到批复。辽东发生战事,突然增加军饷三百万。李汝华多次请求拿出内库的钱粮没有成功,就借用了南京库藏的钱粮,搜寻全国各地仓库多余的积蓄。当时,内库中的钱粮堆积得像山一样,朝廷大臣请求拨出一些,朝廷都没有答应。管财政的大臣没有办法,就采取了所有不遵守礼法的办法,苛刻地向百姓搜刮。而掌权大臣征兵,竟然远达南方少数民族地区,导致奢崇明、安邦彦相继带头造反,连年用兵作战。又分出四川、云南等地所增收的赋税做军饷,而辽东的军饷仍不充裕,全国已经不能够再支出了。

李汝华通晓事理,勤勉机敏,在朝中不结党不勾结偏袒。在户部做官很久,对于国家财政的盈亏,边防储备的虚实,以及盐业、漕运、屯田、牧业各方面大政方针,都竭尽心力裁度调剂。年成连年歉收,常常主张宽缓怜悯,唯独增加赋税的意见不能尽力坚持,使各方白白耗费,造成内外交相骚扰作乱的局面。李汝华生病请求退休,被加封为太子太保退休。去世,谥号恭敏。

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【题目】The final event in the Olympics is the marathon. It is also usually the most exciting. As the leader comes into the stadium to run the last few meters ofthe 42-kilo-metre race, the crowd rises to its feet toshout and cheer. The name of the race comes from abattle in Ancient Greece. According to the story, asoldier ran from the scene of the battle,Marathon, toAthens, to bring the news of a Greek victory againstthe Persians. He died just after arriving.

The marathon has been an Olympic event sincethe modern Games started in 1896. At first the distance was 40 kilometres the distance betweenMarathon and Athens. In 1908, however, at theLondon Olympics, it was changed. The King ofEngland wanted the runners to leave from his castlein Windsor and arrive m a new stadium in central

London. The distance was 26 miles about 42kilometres. In fact, the 1908 marathon endeddramatically(戏剧性地). When the leader, an Italian,

entered the stadium he turned the wrong way and fellonto the ground. Officials picked him up and helpedhim to the finishing line,just as the second runner, anAmerican, entered the stadium. The Americans

protested (抗议) and in the end the American runnerwas declared(宣布)the winner. Since then, there havebeen many more exciting marathons.

In fact, you don't have to wait for the OlympicGames to run or watch a marathon, as there aremarathons in over sixty countries and hundreds ofcities around the world today. One of the mostfamous marathons is in New York, and is watched bytwo million people around the streets and across thebridges of the city's five boroughs(纽约市的行政区),and past New York's famous landmarks. But perhapsone of the most beautiful and extraordinary(最特别的) marathons ever is the Great Wall Marathon,which most competitors find is the toughest course torun.

The marathon is the final Olympic event becauseit is thought to be the hardest. But experts believe that most people even people who are notparticularly good at sport can run a marathon, ifthey train for it.

【1】 When the leader came into the stadium, the crowd ______.

A. ran to his feet happily

B. shouted with excitement

C. carried him to the line

D. sang and dance

【2】 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The name of the race comes from a game in Greece.

B. The soldier who ran from Marathon to Athens won a gold medal.

C. The marathon events in the Games have the same length all the time.

D. From 1908, the marathon events are of the same length.

【3】 Which is the most special of the marathon events in the world?

A. The Marathon in New York.

B. The Marathon in the Beijing Olympic Games.

C. The Great Wall Marathon.

D. The Marathon in London in 2012.

【4】 Which of the following is TRUE about the marathon?

A. Marathon is the most important event.

B. Marathon is the most popular event.

C. Marathon is the easiest event.

D. Marathon is the final Olympic event.

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