题目内容

【题目】阅读材料,完成下列要求

材料 吃饭是个大问题,搞得人们吃不饱饭是不行的。当然会有灾情,就是有灾,也要想法使他们吃饱,抗旱救灾是个好办法。把生产队搞好,自留地分配好。其余如大队企业如何办好,这些问题都要有个规定。只要按这些办法办,今年就会是个好年成。是否可以改变形势?我想,今年如果搞好,形势就能改变。积极性要提高。要有信心。机关也动手,开一点荒,搞一点水利,见缝插针。不吃食堂了,农民家里可以节省点,有啥吃啥,使农民有点家底,能够养老养小。这几年把家底搞掉了,要恢复起来,这不是开倒车,因为我们的基础还是建筑在生产队上面。把生产队搞好,又把农民的家底搞起来,事情就好办了。

——1962年朱德《纠正的偏向,恢复和发展生产》

(1)根据材料并结合所学知识,分析此文章发表的背景,并回答朱德关于解决农村问题的具体措施。

(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,简评朱德关于经济建设的观点。

【答案】(1)背景:大跃进和人民公社化运动等倾错误使国民经济结构失去平衡;自然灾害;农业生产遭到破坏,人民生活水平大大下降。

措施:生产队内分配自留地;办好农村企业;开荒;修水利;解散农村食堂。

(2)简评:朱德提出的经济措施都是从广大人民群众的利益出发的;体现了对农村倾实践的反思与纠正。

【解析】(1)根据题干要求,本问考查新中国经济建设相关内容——20世纪50年代至70年代探索社会主义建设道路的实践。根据材料关键信息 搞得人们吃不饱饭是不行的当然会有灾情1962年,恢复和发展生产等,结合所学知识,不难直接归纳、概括出朱德此文章发表的背景。根据材料相关信息,不难直接归纳、概括出,朱德所主张的解决人民吃饭问题的具体措施。

(2)根据题干要求及材料相关信息,结合所学知识,这样来认识朱德关于经济建设的主张:首先,其主张在总体上是从维护广大人民群众的利益出发的;具体措施上,切实解决人民的生产、生活,即体现着力改善和促进民生;现实意义上,即体现了对当时农村左倾错误的反思与纠正,体现了实事求是等。

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【题目】黄宗羲继承了早期儒家的民本思想,对后世产生了重要影响。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。是故得乎丘(意为众多)民而为天子,得乎天子为诸侯,得乎诸侯为大夫。

——《孟子·尽心下》

材料二 古者天下之人爱戴其君,比之如父;拟之如天,诚不为过也。今也天下之人怨恶其君,视之如寇仇,名之为独夫,固其所也。……古者以天下为主,君为客,凡君之所毕世而经营者,为天下也……今也以君为主,天下为客,凡夫下之无地而得安宁者,为君也……为天下之大害者,君而已矣。

——黄宗羲《明夷代访录·原君》

材料三 (黄宗羲的)理念,比孟子之说代表二种合乎民主的思考,近代民主政治所努力的,就是要把这个理念变成事实,使人民成为国家的真正主人。……梨洲的民本思想,已为中国走向民主的历史,创造了新的条件,只是在十七世纪还不能开花结果。

——韦政通《中国思想史》

(1)据材料一、二,概括孟子、黄宗羲的基本主张,并指出二者相同点。

(2)据材料二,指出黄宗羲评价古今君主优劣的标准。结合所学知识,分析黄宗羲思想产生的经济根源。

(3)据材料三,指出黄宗義思想的进步性。结合所学知识,分析其在十七世纪还不能开花结果的原因。

【题目】B

Facebook is launching a news mobile app called Notify with subscription content from media partners like the Washington Post and Vogue. The Notify app lets users subscribe to content from media partners on their smartphones. Facebook will be able to add news alerts in its daily notifications to a global audience.

Facebook's "renewed push into mobile news reflects a big, global shift in media consumption patterns," said the Financial Times. Facebook's profit and revenue growth reflected this shift in media. The world's largest social media platform said its third-quarter revenue grew to $4.5 billion on the strength of its mobile advertising.

Facebook, with 500 million users, has doubled its daily page views to 8 billion since April. The company also owns Instagram, a mobile photo and video-sharing app with 400 million users. Analysts were optimistic about Instagram's future growth. Research firm eMarketer predicted global mobile advertising revenues for Instagram will reach $2.8 billion by 2017, up from $595 million this year. This represents over 10 percent of Facebook's global advertising revenues.

This strong showing has positioned Facebook to compete with major social media companies as an advertising force, said analysts. "Facebook will drive growth and capture nearly 65% of social network ad revenues in 2015," reported eMarketer. "In the medium to long run, we believe that we're not competing between Facebook and Instagram. We're competing with other forms of media," Sandberg, Facebook's Chief Operating Officer, told analysts on a conference call. She said Facebook wants to grow in emerging markets and bring more people online who are not using the Internet.

The advertising environment on social media is very competitive. Social media platforms are fighting for customers on laptops, tablets, phones and even watches. Twitter is one of Facebook's competitors. Twitter's advertising revenues have slowed as the company struggles to add new users, reported the Wall Street Journal. Another competitor, Google, is selling more advertisements for less money on its own sites, said Ad Age.

【1】Facebook launches Notify in order to________.

A. gain the chance to cooperate with the Washington Post and Vogue

B. increase the number of its users

C. let its global audience watch news alerts on their smartphones

D. reflect a big, global shift in media consumption patterns

【2】Facebook’s third-quarter revenue rose to_________.

A. $4.5 billion B. 8 billion

C. $2.8 billion D. $595 million

【3】What do we know about Instagram?

A. It has 500 million users.

B. Analysts were pessimistic about Instagram's future growth

C. It is a mobile photo and video-sharing app

D. Global mobile advertising revenues for Instagram has increased to $2.8 billion

【4】According to Sheryl Sandberg, which is Not Facebooks competitor?

A. Apple B. Twitter C. Google D. Instagram

【题目】在中国历史上,专制主义中央集权制度似乎是一个永恒的政治主题。不同时期有不同的中枢权力体系及其相应的地方控制体系。阅读下列材料,然后回答问题。

材料一

初并天下,令丞相、御史曰:“……寡人以眇眇之身,兴兵诛暴乱……六王咸伏其辜,天下大定。今名号不更,无以称成功,传后世,其议帝号。

——《史记》

材料二

“新皇帝……废除了所有的封建国家和王国,将广阔的国土划分成为若干行政区,每一行政区 都配备一批由中央政府任命,并向中央政府负责的官员”。

——选自《全球通史》

材料三

两汉时期,皇帝对丞相待之以礼。丞相谒见皇帝时,皇帝起立,赐丞相座。丞相病了,皇帝还要亲自去探视。隋唐时期的宰相大臣上朝奏事也有座位。但到宋朝,宰相只能站着同皇帝议事。据说是宋太祖改变这一做法的,有一天,宰相范质等人向宋太祖奏事,开始时,大臣们还坐着,宋太祖称自己眼睛昏花看不清,让大臣们近前指给他看。等范质等人回到原处,座位已被撤掉。此后宰相大臣就只好站在皇帝面前议事了。明代自朱元璋起,明文规定“大朝议”须“众官皆跪”。清朝的官僚上朝,跪地时间特别长,以至于大臣们都备有特别的护膝。

(1)据材料一分析“寡人”指的是谁?涉及他创建的有哪些重要政治制度?

2)材料二反映了什么样的历史信息?据材料与所学知识,分析材料中推行的这一政治制度的历史作用?

3)在加强君主专制中央集权方面,包含着众多的矛盾和问题。试根据以上三则材料归纳其中最主要的两大矛盾。由汉到明清,宰相大臣由坐到站再到跪的上朝礼仪变化,反映了怎样的历史发展趋势?

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