题目内容

【题目】阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 1897年11月,梁启超开始执教湖南时务学堂,要求学生学以致用,服务于变法维新大业。在学堂中,梁启超放言高论,无所忌惮。他当时的教学法有两面旗帜,一是陆王派的修养论;一是借《公羊》《孟子》发挥民权的政治论。梁启超在课堂讲授中,在学生的札记批语中,以公羊三世说为中心,发挥《孟子》中民贵君轻”“诛民贼”“保民而王”“与民同乐诸义,涉及民权、议院、总统、道德、官制、习俗等诸多敏感领域。

——摘编自李宝红《梁启超与近代中西文化交流中的附会现象》

材料二 倭变法以来,凡几稔矣。吾不谓其中无豪杰能者,主权势而运国机,然彼不务和其民,培其本,以待其长成而自至,乃欲用强暴,力征经营以劫夺天下……不知兵之可恃而长雄者,皆富强以后之果实。无其本而强为其实,其树不颠仆者寡矣。……华人好言倭学西法,徒见皮毛,岂苛论哉!

——-摘编自严复《原强续篇》

1根据材料一,指出梁启超宣传西学的方式。结合所学知识,分析这一方式的利弊。

2根据材料二,概括严复的观点。根据材料一、二并结合所学知识,分析梁启超、严复等人关注西学的时代背景。

【答案】

1方式:以中学比附西学,推进西学宣传。

利:减少了西学传播的阻力;有利于国人对西学的理解。

弊:往往不能传达西学的精神实质,模糊了中西学在诸多方面的本质区别。

2观点:明治维新没有发展民智、民力,缺乏富强根基;日本凭借武力侵略别国必将失败;认为;中国不应该效仿明治维新。

背景:中国民族危机、封建统治危机严重,知识分子努力寻求强国之道;民族资本主义有了一定的发展,西方思想在中国的传播。

【解析】

本题考查近代中国的维新变法思想。

第(1)问,依据材料一中梁启超要求学生学以致用,服务于变法维新大业借《公羊》《孟子》发挥民权的政治论公羊三世说为中心,发挥《孟子》中民贵君轻’……诸义,涉及民权、议院、总统、道德、官制、习俗等诸多敏感领域,并结合所学知识概括出其方式。根据对材料信息的理解,结合所学知识分析概括上述方式的利与弊。

第(2)问,依据材料倭变法……不务和其民,培其本,以待其长成而自至,乃欲用强暴,力征经营以劫夺天下……不知兵之可恃而长雄者,皆富强以后之果实。无其本而强为其实,其树不颠仆者寡矣。……华人好言倭学西法,徒见皮毛,结合所学知识概括归纳严复的观点。依据两则材料中关于西学信息的理解,结合时代背景及所学知识,分析概括梁启超、严复等人关注西学的历史背景。

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【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Life getting you down? Learn to bounce back

That which does not kill us makes us stronger” Nietzsche said. There are a number of ways that can get us through tough times, help us to bounce back and make us happier. 1

Find something you can control

2 But taking small, positive steps in any area of our life can have a ripple effect, enabling us to move forward in the problem area.

3 As a species, we tend to focus on what’s wrong rather than what’s right. But we can benefit a lot from paying attention to what’s going right. Psychologists have shown consciously focusing on these good things helps to increase our experience of positive emotions.

Check your thinking

4 Leading psychologist Martin Seligman found that the way we interpret the causes of everyday setbacks can have a significant impact on our ability to cope and our physical health. He also showed we can learn more resilient thinking styles.

Distract yourself

When we are immersed in a problem, it is hard to think creatively about ways to deal with it. It often helps to take time out from the things you are worrying about. 5 Not only does this give us a break from what we’re doing and our worries; it’s also great for our minds.

A. Always do something that is right.

B. It’s true that there are lots of things we can’t control.

C. An effective ways of taking time out is exercise.

D. Next time you are feeling stressed or stuck, give them a try.

E. Focus on what’s right

F. Next time something goes wrong for you, pause for a moment

G. The way we think can destroy our own resilience(弹力).

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