【题目】Strange stones of Costa Rica

One of the strangest mysteries in archacology was discovered in the Diquis River Delta, in southern Costa Rica. Since the 1930s, hundreds of stone balls have been found. They range in size from a few centimeters to over two metres in diameter.

Who made these perfect spheres(球体) and how they made them remains a mystery. Some researchers believe the stones were made by extreme heating followed by cooling. People could have polished the spheres with sand or leather. The ancient Costa Ricans had no written language so there is no written record of just how they made the spheres.

Almost all are made of granite (花岗岩), a hard stone created by volcanoes. The granite quarries(采石场) were 25 to 30 miles away from the largest stones, which weigh more than 10 tons each. Nobody knows how people moved them..

Many of the stones have been found near the remains of houses or graves. Some believed that the stones contained hidden treasures and a few have been smashed but nothing has been found inside. Despite these losses, the National Museum of Costa Rica has recorded 130 spheres. However, many stones are not included because they have been removed from their original sites and used as ornaments(装饰) in homes, gardens and churches. Clearly, there are also many stones that lie undiscovered.

【1】The stones were discovered ___ .

A. near the volcanoes

B. in southern Costa Rica

C. in a grave

D. in churches

【2】The writer ___ in the passage.

A. admires the spheres very much

B. doesn t believe the spheres were once made by humans

C. tells us a discovery

D. thinks highly of the spheres

【3】The underlined word polished refers to ___.

A. buried

B. wrapped

C. made shining

D. made big

【4】According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. The stone balls found in the Diquis River Delta are all very huge.

B. The stone balls were unearthed from the graves.

C. The local people show great interest in the stone balls.

D. There are a lot of treasures in the stone balls.

【5】The passage mainly tells us ___ .

A. the stones are of great value.

B. the stones proved to be made by non-humans.

C. the stones are mystery.

D. the stone are ornaments.

【题目】阅读下面的文言文,完成下列各题。

举进士,累擢吏部员外郎。乾符中选滥,吏多奸,岁调四千员,徽治以刚明,杜干请,法度复振。父蔚避地于梁,道病,徽与子扶篮舆,历阁路,盗击其首,血流面,持舆不息。盗迫之,徽拜曰:“人皆有父,今亲老而疾,幸无骇惊。”盗感之,乃止。及前谷,又逢盗,辄相语曰:“此孝子也!”共举舆舍之家,进帛裹创,以懂饮奉蔚,留信宿去。抵梁,徽趋蜀谒行在,丐归侍亲疾。会拜谏议大夫,固辞,见宰相杜让能曰:“上迁幸当从,亲有疾当侍,而徽兄在朝廷,身乞还营医药。”父丧,客梁、汉。终丧,以中书舍人召,辞疾,改给事中。张浚伐太原,引为判官,敕在所敦遣。徽太息曰:“王室方复,藏殚耗,当协和诸侯以为藩屏,而又济以兵,诸侯离心,必有后忧。”不肯起。浚果败复召为给是中扬复恭叛山南李茂贞请假招讨节伐之未报而与王行瑜辄出兵昭宗怒持奏不下茂贞亟请,帝召群臣议,无敢言。徽曰:“王室多难,茂贞诚有功。今复恭阻兵而讨之,罪在不俟命尔。臣闻两镇兵多杀伤,不早有所制,则梁、汉之人尽矣。请假以节,明约束,则军有所畏。”帝曰:“然。”乃以招讨使授茂贞,果宥功,然益偃蹇,帝使宰相社让能将兵诛讨,徼谏曰:“岐,国西门。茂贞凭其众而暴,若令万分一不利,屈威重奈何?愿徐制之。”不听。师出,帝复召徽曰:“今伐茂贞:彼众鸟舍,取必万全,卿计何日有捷?”对曰:“臣职谏争,所言者军国大体,如索贼平之期,愿陛下考蓍龟,责将帅,非臣职也。”既而师果败。

(节选自《新唐书·列传第九十九》)

【注】徽:指牛徽。柅(nǐ):止,遏制。廥(kuài):仓库。蓍(shī)龟:指卜筮。

1下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是(

A.浚果败/复召为给事中/杨复恭叛/山南李茂贞请假/招讨节伐之未报/而与王行瑜辄出兵/昭宗怒/持奏不下/

B.浚果败复/召为给事中杨复恭/叛山南李茂贞/请假招讨节伐之/未报/而与王行瑜辄出兵/昭宗怒/持奏不下/

C.浚果败/复召为给事中/杨复恭叛山南/李茂贞请假招讨节伐之/未报/而与王行瑜辄出兵/昭宗怒/持奏不下/

D.浚果败复/召为给事中杨复恭/叛山南/李茂贞请假招讨节伐之/未报/而与王行瑜辄出兵/昭宗怒持/奏不下/

【2】下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是

A.擢,提拔的意思,是指由原来的官职升到更高一级的官职,与”“同义。

B.行在是行在所的简称,即皇帝所在的地方,后来专指皇帝行幸所到之地。

C.敕,此处指敕令,是我国古代帝王诏令文书的名称之一,用于任官封爵和告诫臣僚等。

D.诸侯是古代帝王统辖下的列国君主的统称,此处诸侯指拥兵一方的割据势力。

【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是

A.牛徽匡正时弊。他担任吏部员外郎时,处事刚直严明,杜绝官员选拔中的求取请托现象,使国家的法令制度得以重新振兴。

B.牛徽恪守孝道。他护送父亲去梁地途中被强盗打伤,但仍然抬着轿子;为了照顾父亲,他谢绝了朝廷的任命,直至办完父亲的丧事才赴任。

C.牛徽心忧国事。张浚讨伐太原时,牛徽认为王室正处于恢复时期,国库亏空,此时不宜用兵,应与各方诸侯和睦相处,以巩固边防。

D.牛徽洞察情势。在多事之秋,他建议皇上把招讨使符节授予李茂贞,让其平定叛乱,又劝谏皇上不要急于讨伐居功自傲的李茂贞,而应慢慢制约他。

【4】把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

1)共举舆舍之家,进帛裹创,以馇饮奉蔚,留信宿去。

译文:___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

(2)今伐茂贞,彼众乌合,取必万全,卿计何日有捷?

译文:___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

【题目】阅读下面的文言文,完成下列各题。

褒禅山亦谓之华山。唐浮图慧褒始于其址,而卒葬之;以故其后名之曰褒禅。今所谓慧空禅院者,褒之庐也。距其院东五里,所谓华山洞者,其乃华山之阳名之也。距洞百余步,有碑仆道,其文灭,独其为文犹可识,曰花山。今言华实者,盖音谬也。

其下平旷,有泉侧出,而记游者甚众,所谓前洞也。由山以上五六里,有穴窈然,入之甚寒,问其深,则其好游者不能穷也,谓之后洞。余与四人拥火以入,入之愈深,其进愈难,其见愈奇。有怠而欲出者,曰:不出,火且尽。遂与之俱出。盖余所至,比好游者尚不能十一,然视其左右,来而记之者已少。盖其又深,则其至又加少矣。方是时,余之力尚足以入,火尚足以明也。既出,则或咎其欲出者,而余亦悔其随之而不得极夫游之乐也。

于是余有叹焉。古人之观于天地、山川、草木、虫鱼、鸟兽,往往有得,以其求思之深而无不在也。夫夷以近,则游者众;险以远,则至者少。而世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观,常在于险远,而人之所罕至焉,故非有志者不能至也。有志矣,不随以止也,然力不足者,亦不能至也。有志与力,而又不随以怠,至于幽暗昏惑而无物以相之,亦不能至也。然力足以至焉,人为可讥,而在己为有悔;尽吾志也而不能至者,可以无悔矣,其孰能讥之乎?此余之所得也。

1对下列句子中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是( )

A.唐浮图慧褒始于其址 舍:房舍。2 h2 K3 M+ \) c* J

B.今所谓慧空禅院者,褒之庐 冢:坟墓。

C.有碑仆道,其文 漫:模糊。

D.夫夷以近,则游者众 夷:平坦

【2】下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是( )

A.其乃华山之阳名之也 晋侯、秦伯围郑,其无礼于晋# d, c/ b8 M D+ B" f

B.其进愈难,其见愈奇 荆轲逐秦王,秦王还柱" L/ N; K) K( D0 d, d( \

C.既出,则或咎其欲出者 破荆州,下江陵 " @9 B6 I, M& e; M4 i& O# N1 I( U( W

D.然力足以至焉,人为可讥 + _( Y$ C3 Q" G4 S* _ 况修短随化,终期

【3】以下各组句子中,全都说明后洞游历艰难的一组是( )

所谓华山洞者,以其乃华山之阳名之也

其下平旷,有泉侧出

由山以上五六里,有穴窈然,入之甚寒

入之愈深,其进愈难,而其见愈奇

然视其左右,来而记之者已少

方是时,余之力尚足以入,火尚足以明也

A.①②④ : [) H/ d( S% C/ N* C B.①③④ C.③④⑤0 ?8 _7 J* S3 @ D.②③⑥

【4】下列表述不符合原文意思的项是( )

A.作者认为要到达有奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观的地方,需要”“”“,三者中最重要。5 H1 i3 P+ g' j4 ?; j

B.文章指出探求事物只要尽了,即使不能到达险远之境,也没什么可后悔的。0 a, V) e ]" R

C.作者赞美了古人求思之深之广的治学精神,批评了当时社会上浅尝辄止、浮泛不实的学风。

D.本文是一篇叙议结合的游记,以记游为载体,因事说理,生发议论,阐释了学人治学的道理。# c/ I$ c! G& I9 U- Y# I

5把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

1)问其深,则其好游者不能穷也。

译文:___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

(2)余亦悔其随之而不得极夫游之乐也。

译文:___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

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