[题目]下面史料整理自.1266年郭守敬被张文谦推荐给元世祖忽必烈.之后受命编订新历法1277年郭守敬向政府建议.组织一次全国范围的大规模的天文观测.史称“四海测验 1279年郭守敬奉旨进行“四海测验 .在南海的测量点就在今天中国的黄岩岛1281年新历法完成.元世祖按照“敬授民时的古语.取名为1582年意大利天文学家格里高利提出现行公题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

【题目】下面史料整理自《巧思遗闻——中国科技的故事》。

1266年	郭守敬被张文谦推荐给元世祖忽必烈，之后受命编订新历法
1277年	郭守敬向政府建议，组织一次全国范围的大规模的天文观测，史称“四海测验”
1279年	郭守敬奉旨进行“四海测验”，在南海的测量点就在今天中国的黄岩岛
1281年	新历法完成，元世祖按照“敬授民时”的古语，取名为《授时历》
1582年	意大利天文学家格里高利提出现行公历，与《授时历》的天文数据基本相同

下列有关中国古代科学研究的结论，符合上述材料的是

A．重视实践和实用 B．成就领先于西方

C．具有近代科技特征 D．成果得到有效推广

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查古代中国的科技。材料记述的是郭守敬编订《授时历》的经过，其目的是“敬授民时”，是为了农业生产的需要，体现了中国古代科技重视实践和实用的特点，A项符合题意。B、C、D三项材料中没有体现，排除。

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【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Five ways to end procrastination

Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. Waiting until later is one of life’s guilty secrets, but procrastination (拖延症) is linked to poorer health, work and relationship outcomes. Here are five ways to try to remedy (纠正) procrastination.:

1. A five-minute start

Five minutes is nothing — it’s just three hundred seconds. It’s the length of a song or a TV commercial. Pick up a project you’ve been putting off and spare just 300 seconds of your time to do it. 【1】 After a while, the momentum (动力) of beginning the task will push you forward.

2. Set goals and rewards

During the day, set goals and rewards. Each time you achieve a goal, you earn the reward: a short break, a funny YouTube video or something else. 【2】 Make sure you select a time to review your progress and adjust your targets accordingly.

3. Be good to yourself — me today versus me tomorrow

Sometimes, when you find yourself buried in work, you are upset with yourself for not having started earlier. Imagine a conversation, between “you today” and “you tomorrow”. 【3】

4. I was there — witnessing accountability (责任制)

【4】 Consider going on a diet: Is there more pressure if you don’t tell a soul, or if you announce it to all your friends, with strict rules to follow if you are invited to dinner? It seems an obvious way of making you feel guilty, but it can also be highly effective.

5. Set creative punishments — negative consequences

Make the consequences of inaction so unbearable that you have no choice but to get busy now. You could write a note to someone that you don’t like. Give the note to a friend with strict instructions to mail the note if you do not achieve your goal. The more you dislike the other party, the stronger the motivation to get the task done.

Procrastination is a silent killer of dreams. 【5】 By understanding and fixing your procrastination, you’ll discover you jump-start many areas of your life.

A. Everyone suffers from it.

B. Once the five minutes is up, stop and reassess.

C. Everyone likes to have a dream of procrastination.

D. Going public with a goal increases your support and accountability.

E. What is the future of my life with the intention of putting off my tasks?

F. If “you tomorrow” could chat with “you today” what would he say?

G. It’s important that the goals are realistic and the rewards are in proportion (按比例).

【题目】—You look so young．Haven’t you graduated from your university?

—Yes, I in the English Department of Zhejiang Normal University for four years．

A．was studying B．study

C．had studied D．studied

【题目】根据材料并结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一在中国古代，天文和历法一直受到高度重视，天文学家和君主有着密切的关系，他们是官方政府机构不可或缺的人员。至公元1851年，历代政权颁行了100余部历法，《夏小正》是中国最古老的历书，形成于公元前5世纪左右，包含了许多关于气候、星象及物候方面的叙述，按一年十二个月的顺序排列。古代的历法，现在名为“农历”或“阴历”，仍决定人们欢度“春节”以及“中秋”、“端午”等节日的具体日期。

天象观测有助于制定更为准确的历法。古代史书中有着连续的有关日食、月食与星象变化的记录，并从政治角度解释这些现象。史书明确记录了公元前186年吕后当政时发生了一次日食，但现代天文学研究表明，所记日食绝不可能发生。日食记录居然因政治上的原因而有所增减：统治者残暴，记载的日食现象就多；统治者开明，日食便很少发生。

——摘编自李约瑟《中华科学文明史》

材料二宋应星（约1587—1666）青年时曾考取举人，后来连续六次赴京参加进士考试，均名落孙山。45岁以后，面对明末流民遍地的现实，宋应星不再追求科举功名，转而探求“致富”之术。他全面搜集整理传统农业、手工业技术，撰成《天工开物》一书，书名取“天工人其代之”“开物成务”之义。正如宋应星在该书的序言中所说，“是书与科举功名毫无关系”，当时士大夫对这部书不屑一顾。后来乾隆时编《四库全书》，不予收录，民间因此更不敢印行。这部书在19世纪传入欧洲后，被誉为“17世纪中国科技的百科全书”，是我们今天探讨古代科技成就的重要文献。

——摘编自《宋应星评传》等

（1）根据材料并结合所学知识，概括指出中国古代重视天文历法的表现。

（2）根据材料二和所学知识，指出宋应星科技成果的特点及该成果出现的背景。

（3）根据材料并结合所学知识，分析古代科技在明清时期转为落后的原因。

【题目】(2015·浙江)下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.

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