题目内容

【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成下列题。

取义成仁忠报国

段明艳

张自忠是抗日战争中牺牲的职务最高的中国将领,也是第二次世界大战反法西斯阵营五十余国中战死的军衔最高的将领。从抗战一开始他就有报国必死的决心,每上战场,都打得英勇悲壮,而且每次战前都要写下一封信,回来的时候再把信撕掉。枣宜会战前夕,他留下了两封信,一封信是致将士们,另一封信是致他的副将,却没给家里留下只言片语。

1940年5月1日,张自忠亲笔昭告各将领、各部队】

致战友:

看最近之情况,敌人或要再来碰一下钉子,只要敌来犯,兄即到河东与弟等共同去牺牲。国家到了如此地步,除我等为其死,毫无其他办法。更相信只要我等能本此决心,我们的国家及我五千年历史之民族,决不致亡于区区三岛倭奴之手。为国家民族死之决心,海不清,石不烂,决不半点改变,愿与诸弟共勉之。维纲、月轩、纶山、常德、振三、子烈、纯德、铭秦、德顺、德俊、迪吉、紫封、九思、作祯、亮敏、斡三、芳兰、之、文海、春芳诸弟。

小兄张自忠手启五、一

1940年5月6日,张自忠致第33集团军副总司令冯治安的亲笔信

仰之我弟如晤:

因为战区全面战事之关系,及本身之责任,均须过河与敌一拼,现已决定于今晚往襄河东岸进发。到河东后,如能与38D、179D取得联络,即率诸两部与马师不顾一切向北进之敌死拼。设若与179D、38D取不上联络,即带马之三个团,奔着我们最终之目标往北迈进。无论作好作坏,一定求良心得到安慰,以后公私均得请我弟负责。由现在起,以后或暂别,或永离,不得而知,专此布达。

小兄张自忠手启五、六于快活铺

1938年2月,时任第59军军长的张自忠奉命沿津浦路南进,支援淮北于学忠部。在固镇指挥59军与日军血战七天,夺回曹老集、小蚌埠,稳定了淮河防线。3月,又奉命支援临沂庞炳勋部,指挥59军在临沂城郊与日军精锐坂垣师团进行拉锯战。他抱定拼死的决心,曾致电鹿钟麟:战而死,虽死犹生;不战而生,虽生亦死。经七昼夜鏖战,取得临沂战斗的胜利,为夺取台儿庄战役胜利奠定了基础。

1940年5月,日军为了控制长江交通、切断通往重庆运输线,集结数十万大军发动枣宜会战。当时中国军队第33集团军只有两个团驻守襄河西岸。张自忠作为集团军总司令,本来可以不必亲自率领部队出击作战,但他不顾部下的再三劝阻,坚持由副总司令留守,自己亲率2000多人渡河作战。出战前,他留下两封绝命书(见前文)。一封写给第33集团军副总司令冯治安,一封写给全体将士,句句肺腑,字字千钧,舍己为国,感天动地。

6日晚,张自忠率军东渡襄河后,日军以优势兵力对其实施包围夹攻。张自忠指挥部队向人数比他们多出一倍半的敌人冲杀十多次,日军伤亡惨重。15日,日军一万多人分南北两路向张自忠率领的部队实行夹击。激战到16日拂晓,张自忠部被迫退入南瓜店十里长山。日军在飞机大炮的掩护下,向中国军队的阵地发起猛攻,一昼夜发动九次冲锋。张自忠所部伤亡人数急剧上升,战况空前激烈。

16日,张自忠自晨至午,一直疾呼督战,午时他左臂中弹仍坚持指挥作战。战至下午2时,张自忠手下只剩下数百官兵,他将自己的卫队悉数调去前方增援,身边只剩下高级参谋张敬和副官马孝堂等8人。他掏出笔向战区司令部写下最后近百字的报告,交给马孝堂说:我力战而死,自问对国家对民族可告无愧,你们应当努力杀敌,不能辜负我的志向。最后,浴血奋战,身负七处重伤,壮烈殉国。

蒋介石惊闻张自忠殉国,立即下令第五战区不惜任何代价夺回张自忠遗骸。一百多名将士拼死抢回张将军的遗体,连夜运往重庆。当灵柩经过宜昌时,全市下半旗,民众前往吊祭者超过十万人。灵柩运抵重庆,国民政府为他举行了国葬,蒋介石亲临迎灵致祭,抚棺痛哭,并手书英烈千秋挽匾以资表彰。

8月15日,延安各界一千余人隆重举行张自忠将军追悼大会,毛泽东、朱德、周恩来分别为张自忠将军题写了尽忠报国”“取义成仁”“为国捐躯的挽词。朱德、彭德怀联名题词:一战捷临沂,再战捷随枣,伟哉将军,精神不死。周恩来称赞张自忠:其忠义之志,壮烈之气,直可以为我国抗战军人之魂。

(原文有删改)

【注】仰之:冯治安的字,时任第33集团军副总司令,在张自忠牺牲后接任总司令。D:师

1下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是

A.张自忠在第二次世界大战中享有盛誉,因为无论是贡献,还是军衔和职务,他都是不可绕过的军事将领。

B身为抗日军队将领,张自忠具有强烈的爱国心,积极抗战,宁可战而死,虽死犹生,可谓取义成仁

C.在浴血奋战后,张自忠壮烈殉国,其言辞自问对国家对民族可告无愧表达了对国家和民族的无限忠诚。

D.张自忠的遗体被运往重庆安葬时,一些民众纷纷哀悼,在政府举行国葬数月后,仍有地方举行追悼活动。

2下列对材料有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是

A报国必死是张自忠的心志,每上战场前都要写下一封信,回来时再把信撕掉,这一细节显示出他情感的深沉含蓄。

B.张自忠率领军队先后在固镇、临沂跟日军均作战七天,加入台儿庄战斗序列,为台儿庄战役大捷做出了不可磨灭的贡献。

C.在东渡襄河后的十天内,张自忠多次指挥部队向兵力强敌发起冲锋,在十里长山因寡不敌众而血洒疆场,最终阻止日军。

D.张自忠左臂中弹仍然指挥作战,军队仅剩下数百官兵时,又派卫队增援前线,殉国前还写下战况报告,其精神可歌可泣。

E.张自忠将军殉国后,国共两党的最高领导人都高度评价其精神,书写挽匾或挽联以资表彰,更加激发了人们的抗战热情。

3文章引用了张自忠的两封亲笔信,这有何作用?请结合材料谈谈你的看法。

【答案】

1A

2】DE

3】(1)亲笔信是第一手资料,增强文章的真实性;(2)亲笔信内容感人,增强文章的感染力(或可读性);(3)亲笔信和其他言辞,有相互印证的作用(4)亲笔信以兄弟相称,展现了将军的人格魅力。(答出1点给1分,答出2点给3分,答出其中的3点给5分)

【解

1A项,“盛誉”和“不可绕过”在原文没有明确的依据,若说“军衔和职务”似乎还可以,但说到“贡献”则不妥。B项正确,选项前半部分是对原文信息的筛选和整合,结论“取义成仁”则是文章末段的原词。C项正确,从其行为入手,对原文信息进行筛选和整合,得出结论,揭示一代抗日名将的人生大义。D项正确,是对原文事实的分析,前半部分和后半部分分别出自最后两段,属于信息整合。

按照选项内容,找出原文出处,比对二者的差异,判断表述是否存在错误,例如时间、地点、评价等方面是否存在错误或不当之处。

【2】A项错误,“深沉含蓄”应改为“强烈高昂”,这也可从他给将士们的亲笔信的内容中看出来。B项错误,“加入台儿庄战斗序列”在原文中没有明确的依据。C项错误,“最终阻止日军”属于无中生有。D项正确,属于人物的品质和时代精神意义,符合实际情况。E项正确,选项表述揭示了一代抗日名将的壮举和气概,属于对人物精神的评价,符合实际情况。熟悉人物传记的写法,理解文章叙述中的事实、细节、背景、因果关系等,进而判断选项内容属于何种部分,将之与原文比照,找出异同点。

【3】根据相关材料在人物传记中的基本作用这一常识,推断亲笔信的作用。从传记所引用材料的基本特点去考虑,即从真实性、权威性、可读性、解释性、例证性等角度逐一分析,选择两三个合适的角度分析,进而写出简明扼要的答案。

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【题目】News One

Much of Pakistan faces more storms in the coming days. Heavy rains have already caused more than two weeks of record flooding. Health officials worry about disease spreading because of a lack of clean drinking water. The United Nations wants four hundred and sixty million dollars to provide immediate help for fourteen million people affected by the flooding. About l,600 people have died because of the floods.

The Pakistani ambassador(大使) to the UN says the floods could limit his country's economic growth this year. The cotton industry has been hit especially hard. Pakistan has cancelled official Independence Day celebrations that were set for Saturday.

News Two

Russian officials are reporting progress against wildfires that have blackened parts of the country and polluted the air. Russia has requested technical assistance. President Obama called President Dmitri Medvedev on Thursday to tell him that American firefighting equipment is on the way.

A girl in Moscow wears a mask to protect herself from thick smoke caused by wildfires last week. The fires are not the only problem. President Medvedev says Russia has lost about one-fourth of its grain crops this year because of heat and dry weather. Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has banned grain exports until the end of the year. Russia is a major wheat exporter. But crops have been hit hard by the record heat this summer. During the past week, bread prices in Russia have jumped by twenty percent.

But skies cleared over Moscow after days of heavy pollution, and there were cooling rains. The city set a new record for itself when temperatures reached thirty-nine degrees Celsius on July 30.

News Three

American scientists reported on Friday that this July was the second warmest worldwide in records dating back to 1880. The government report said the average temperature for January through July was the warmest on record. Global warming keeps the temperature growing year by year.

【1】What does News One talk about?

A. The record floods happened in Pakistan.

B. The celebrations of Independence Day.

C. The reason of the floods.

D. The trouble of Pakistan caused by wildfires.

【2】It is implied in News One that _____

A. Pakistan is often hit by heavy storms

B. the floods have caused a loss to Pakistan's economy

C. many countries are willing to help Pakistan

D. most people in Pakistan are threatened by diseases

【3】 What does the underlined word "assistance" in News Two mean?

A. Help.

B. Information.

C. Skill.

D. Guide.

【4】 From the passage we know that the wildfires in Russia ______.

A. were started by human activities

B. have been put off by cooling rains

C. have affected the prices of bread in the country

D. caused the country to import wheat from other countries

【题目】 Every person has their own way of saying things, their own special expressions. Many everyday American expressions are based on colours.

Red is a hot colour. Americans often use it to express heat. They may say they are red hot about something unfair. When they are red hot they are very angry about something. The small hot tasting peppers found in many Mexican foods are called red hots for their colour and their fiery taste. Fast loud music is popular with many people. They may say the music is popular with many people. They may say the music is red hot, especially the kind called Dixieland jazz.

Pink is a cool colour. The traditional blues music in the United States is the opposite of red hot music. Blues is slow, sad and soulful. Duke Ellington and his orchestra recorded a famous songMood Indigoabout the deep blue colour, indigo. In the words of the song: You arent blue till youve had that Mood Indigo. Someone who is blue is very sad.

The colour green is natural for trees and grass. But it is an unnatural colour for humans. A person who has a sick feeling in his stomach may say he feels a little green. A passenger on a boat who is feeling very sick from high waves may look very green.

Sometimes a person may be upset because he does not have something as nice as his friends, like a fast new car. That /span>person may say he is green with envy. Some people are green with envy because a friend has more dollars of greenbacks. Dollars are called greenbacks because that is the colour of the back side of the paper money.

The colour black is often used in expressions. People describe a day in which everything goes wrong as a black day. The date of a major tragedy is remembered as a black day. A blacklist is illegal now. But at one time, some businesses refused to employ people who were on a blacklist for belonging to unpopular organizations.

【1】If you had your wallet stolen while doing some shopping, you may call it _____.

A. a white day

B. a black day

C. a red day

D. a green day

【2】Suppose Mr. Brown says he is very happy because his three children are all in the pink, this means all his children are .

A. lucky and wealthy

B. gentle and modest

C. fit and healthy

D. creative and energetic

【3】When she got home and found nothing had been done by her husband, Jane was really .

A. red hot

B. green

C. blue

D. black

【4】In the following paragraph, the writer might tell the reader something about .

A. unpopular organizations in the world

B. peoples response towards a black day

C. the influence of the traditional blues

D. more words about a colour, such as brown

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