题目内容

【题目】阅读下面的文言文,完成题。

宋太初,泽州晋城人。太平兴国三年,举进士,解褐大理评事、通判戎州,以善政闻。有诏褒美,迁将作监丞,转太常丞。雍熙三年,通判成都府,赐绯鱼。会诏求直言,著《守成箴》以献。淳化初迁监察御史时北面用兵选为雄州通判二年为京西转运副使未几移河东至道初迁兵部员外郎充盐铁副使时陈恕为使太初有所规画必咨恕,未尝自用为功,恕甚德之。会西鄙有警,转馈艰急,充陕西转运使。二年,命白守荣、马绍忠护刍粮,分三番抵灵州。转运副使卢之翰违旨并往,为戎人所剽。上怒,捕太初及副使秘书丞窦玭系狱。太初责怀州团练副使,之翰、玭悉除名。明年,起太初为祠部郎中,知梓州。俄复旧秩。真宗嗣位,召还。咸平初,拜右谏议大夫、知江陵府。蛮寇扰动,太初以便宜制遏,诏奖之。三年,再知梓州。明年,益州雷有终以母老求还,诏太初就代。时分川陕为四路,各置转运使。上以事有缓急,难于均济,命太初为四路都转运使,要切之务,俾同规画。太初与钤辖杨怀忠颇不协,时蜀土始安,上虑其临事矛盾,亟召太初还。会御史中丞赵昌言等事被劾,命权御史中丞。先是,按劾有罪必豫请朝旨,太初以为失风宪体,狱成然后闻上,时论韪之。俄出知杭州。太初有宿疾,以浙右卑湿不便,求近地,得庐州。疾久颇昏忘,不能治大郡,连徙汝、光二州。景德四年卒,年六十二。太初性周慎,所至有干职誉。尝著《简谭》三十八篇,自序略曰:广平生纂文史老释之学,尝谓《》之中庸,伯阳之自然,释氏之无为,其归一也。喜以古圣道契当世之事,而患未博也,因笔而简之,以备阙忘耳。

(选自《宋史·列传第三十六》,有删改)

[注]风宪:即御史,掌管风纪的官吏。文史:借指儒家。伯阳:老子的字,借指道家。

【1】 下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是

A. 淳化初/迁监察御史/时北面用兵/选为雄州通判/二年/为京西转运副使/未几/移河东至道/初迁兵部员外郎/充盐铁副使/

B. 淳化初/迁监察御史时/北面用兵/选为雄州通判/二年/为京西转运副使/未几/移河东/至道初/迁兵部员外郎/充盐铁副使/

C. 淳化初/迁监察御史时/北面用兵/选为雄州通判/二年/为京西转运副使/未几/移河东至道/初迁兵部员外郎/充盐铁副使/

D. 淳化初/迁监察御史/时北面用兵/选为雄州通判/二年/为京西转运副使/未几/移河东/至道初/迁兵部员外郎/充盐铁副使/

【2】 下列对文中加横线词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是

A.绯鱼,即绯鱼袋,指绯衣和鱼符袋。是旧时官员佩戴的证明身份之物,唐朝五品以上佩鱼符袋。

B.秩,既指官吏的俸禄,也可以指官吏的官阶、品级。文中的旧秩就是指宋太初原来的官职级别。

C.坐,是定罪、获罪的意思。在中国古代,连坐是指一人犯罪而使其整个家族遭受牵连受罚而被诛灭的制度。

D.《礼》,指儒家典籍《礼记》,它和《诗经》《尚书》《周易》《春秋》合称为五经

【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是

A.宋太初施政有方,深谙时事。他考中进士后,刚刚为官,便有了突出的政绩。皇上下诏表彰,因而升官。征求直言时,他呈献上奏疏,后因军事需要,被选为雄州通判。

B.宋太初才德兼备,深受器重。他做盐铁副使,尊敬上司,不独断专行,不居功自傲。他才能出众,多次出任转运使,负责往前线运送军粮,职责内从来没有出过什么差错。

C.宋太初身体多病,备受关照。他患有久治不愈的疾病,不能到低洼潮湿的地方,朝廷就让他到别地为官。他有病已久,糊涂健忘,不宜治理大的州郡,朝廷就让他治理小的州郡。

D.宋太初读书广博,善于思考。他读儒家的经典著作,也读道家、佛家的著作,并深刻思考书中的道理。他认为儒家的中庸、道家的自然、佛家的无为,其实思想道理是一致的。

【4】把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语

(1)太初有所规画必咨恕,未尝自用为功,恕甚德之。

译文:

(2)先是,按劾有罪必豫请朝旨,太初以为失风宪体,狱成然后闻上,时论韪之。

译文:

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【4】(1)宋太初有任何计划安排必定询问陈恕,从来不曾自作主张(自以为是)争功,陈恕认为他很有德行。 (2)在这以前,查验弹劾(审查揭发)有罪的大臣必须预先请示朝廷的旨意,宋太初认为有失御史的体制,在立案后才禀报皇上,当时的舆论认为他正确。

【解析】

【1】该句写了太初的从官经历。注意区分时间、地点。表时间,当时的意思,据此排除BC项;至道初为宋太宗至道初年,河东是地点,据此排除A项。

【2】 在中国古代,连坐是指因一人犯罪而使有一定关系的人(如亲属、邻里或主管者)连带受刑的制度。

【3】职责内从来没有出过什么差错表述错误。宋太初任陕西转运使时,其副使卢之翰运送军粮被敌人抢掠而去。

【4】

译文:

宋太初,泽州晋城人。太平兴国三年考中进士,初入仕担任大理评事、戎州通判,凭借良好的政绩而闻名。皇帝下诏褒奖赞美他,升任将作监丞,后来转任太常丞。雍熙三年,担任成都府通判,赐给他绯鱼袋。正赶上皇帝下诏征求直言,他就写了《守成箴》呈献。淳化初年,升任监察御史。当时北方正在打仗,选任他为雄州通判。淳化二年,他又担任京西转运副使。不久,调任河东。宋太宗至道初年,宋太初升任兵部员外郎,充任盐铁副使。当时陈恕是盐铁正使,宋太初有任何计划安排必定询问陈恕,不曾自作主张争功,陈恕认为他很有德行。正巧西部边境有紧急情况,转运军粮艰难急切,宋太初就充任陕西转运使。至道二年,命令白守荣、马绍忠护送粮草,分三批运往灵州。转运副使卢之翰违背旨意一起运送,被戎人抢劫。皇上大怒,逮捕了宋太初和副使秘书丞窦玭,将他们关入狱中。宋太初被处罚为怀州团练副使,卢之翰、窦玭削职为民。第二年,朝廷重新起用宋太初为祠部郎中,让他做梓州知州。不久又恢复了他原来的官级。宋真宗即位后,把宋太初召回京城。咸平初年,宋太初官拜右谏议大夫,任江陵府知府。蛮寇骚扰入侵江陵,宋太初凭借便宜行事之权,制服了敌人,皇帝下诏褒奖了他。咸平三年,他再次担任梓州知州。第二年,益州长官雷有终以母亲年老为由请求还乡,皇帝下诏宋太初前往代理。当时把川陕分为四路,各路设置转运使。皇上认为情况紧急时,难以同心协力,就任命宋太初为四路的都转运使,紧要的事务让他统一协调规划。宋太初与钤辖杨怀忠很不和睦,当时蜀地刚刚安定,皇上担心他俩在处理事情时会有矛盾,就立即把宋太初召回京城。恰值御史中丞赵昌言等人因事获罪被弹劾,皇上就任命宋太初代理御史中丞的职务。在这以前,审查揭发有罪的大臣必须预先请示朝廷的旨意,宋太初认为有失御史的体制,在立案后才禀报皇上,当时的舆论认为他正确。不久,宋太初出任杭州知州。宋太初患有久治不愈的疾病,以浙东地区地势低洼潮湿、身体不便为由,请求到近地就职,得任庐州。疾病缠身时间久了,糊涂健忘,不能够治理大郡,被接连调任到汝州、光州二州。景德四年,宋太初去世,享年六十二岁。宋太初性格周密谨慎,所到之处有任职干练的美誉。曾经撰写了《简谭》三十八篇,自序大略说:我用尽平生编纂汇集儒、道、释的学问,曾经认为《礼记》的中庸之道,道家的自然之理,佛家的无为之说,它们的思想宗旨都是一致的。我喜欢用古代圣贤的思想道理来契合当代的事情,然而担心学识不够广博,于是用笔有选择地记录下来,来防备脱漏遗忘。

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【题目】Gregory Anderson, a specialist on endangered languages, once said, "Language is in many ways a window to the mind. What these languages contain are all kinds of ways that we organize the world. Languages reflect a different historical contact with other groups. And, for people who have no written history, language can be one of the ways to get the history just by looking carefully at the different parts in the language."

However, over half of the world's seven thousand languages are in danger of disappearing, and every two weeks one language disappears. One of the most endangered languages is called Siletz Dee-ni, a language from the northwestern part of the United States.

It was spoken on the Siletz reservation (居留地), where the tribe lives on a protected area within the state of Oregon. The reservation was created in the 19th century to hold people from 27 different native groups. The groups spoke different languages, so they developed Chinook Jargon. With its increased use as well as the use of English, the number of people speaking their native languages became smaller. Today, only one person on the reservation speaks Siletz Dee-ni.

Bringing back endangered languages is not easy, but it is very important. One example of this is taking place in the American state of Hawaii. Hawaii became a part of the United States in 1898. English became the official language of Hawaii. Slowly, fewer and fewer young natives learned to speak Hawaiian fluently. The language began to disappear.

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【1】 The author wrote the first paragraph to ________.

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C. encourage us to be interested in studying language

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【2】 The underlined part "Chinook Jargon" in the third paragraph must be ________.

A. a hand sign B. a language

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【3】 After Hawaii became an American state, ________.

A. its culture was completely mixed with the American culture

B. all Hawaiian people got interested in learning English

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【4】 From the last paragraph we can infer that _________.

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Host family accommodation, or living with host families, remains popular among language travel students for its advantages. These days, host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality, for they still have something to worry about.

Host family accommodation is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their host parents, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students for it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.

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To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to making living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.

It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with language travel students.

Host family accommodation

Theme

Host families are improving the accommodation 【1】__________

【小2题】 __________

Language study

Possibly becoming

【3】 ________________

Cultural communication

Communicating with

【4】 _________________

Knowing the local way of life, people and culture

Cost of

【5】 _____________

Being least expensive sometimes

【6】__________

Loss of selling point

Hosts having less time for students

Rise in

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Studentsbecoming more demanding

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Service quality improvement

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Organizing structured family activities

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