题目内容

【题目】读图九:太阳公转(二分二至)示意图,完成下列各题。

(1)6月22日至9月23日期间,地球一直在公转轨道A、B区间之中的_____区间运行。

(2)当地球公转在A区间时,对地球公转速度及其变化的描述应当是__________

(3)当地球运转到图中甲地时,则甲图应为________节气(北半球)太阳光照示意图,此时,图中C点的昼长时间为________。D点的地方时为________;此时我国南极中山站的昼夜情况是__________

(4)当地球公转到甲图位置时,C、D、E三点相比,白昼时间最长的是________;正午太阳高度最大的是________;某物体从D地向正南方作水平运动越过赤道,则该物体先是向_______(东、西)偏,后向_____ (东、西)偏。

【答案】 B 慢快慢 夏至 20时 8时 极夜 C D 西 东

【解析】本题以太阳公转(二分二至)示意图为背景材料考查地球公转的意义,考查太阳直射点回归运动的规律,昼夜长短和正午太阳高度的变化规律以及时间的相关计算和地转偏向力对水平运动物体的影响,意在考查学生光照图的判读能力和相关知识的灵活运用。

(1)从地球公转示意图可以看出,当地球位于图示左侧位置时,光照图中显示北极圈及其以北出现极昼现象,说明太阳直射北回归线,为夏至日,日期是6月22日前后;当地球位于图示右侧位置时,太阳直射点位于南回归线,为冬至日,日期是12月22日前后;当地球位于图示上部位置时为春分日,日期是3月21日前后;当地球位于图示下部位置时为秋分日,日期是9月23日前后。6月22日至9月23日期间,太阳直射点由北回归线南移到赤道,对应的为B区间。

(2)地球的公转速度在近日点最快,时间为1月初,远日点最慢,时间为7月初。由上题分析是可知,A区间是由冬至日到春分日的,日期从12月22日到3月21日,地球公转速度应该先增快,达到最快,后逐渐变慢。

(3)读甲图,可知图中北极圈及其以北出现极昼现象,说明太阳直射北回归线,为夏至日。画出经过C点的纬线,找出晨线与该纬线的交点,该交点向东到E点所在经线之间的纬线长度表示半个昼弧(反面还有半个昼弧),根据相邻经线的间隔为30°可知,该半个昼弧的经度间隔为150度,根据经度相差15°时间相差1小时,可以推算出两地时间差为10个小时,再加上反面的半个昼弧,C点的昼长为20小时。读图可知,D点所在的经线与12时所在的经线相差60°,由此推算出时间相差4个小时,又因为D点在12时经线的西边,根据东加西减的原则,可以推算出D点的时间为12-4=8时。此时太阳直射北回归线,南极圈及其以南出现的为极夜现象,中山站为与南极圈以内,为极夜现象。

(4)由上题分析可知,图甲时刻太阳直射北回归线,此时北半球昼长夜短,纬度越高昼越长,南半球昼短夜长,赤道上昼夜等长。读图,C点位于北半球,三点中纬度最高,昼最长;D点位于北回归线上,在太阳直射的纬线上,正午太阳高度角为90° ,三点中正午太阳高度角最大;受地转偏向力的影响,水平运动的物体,北半球向右偏,南半球向左偏,因此物体从D地向正南方作水平运动越过赤道,则物体先是向西偏,后向东偏。

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【题目】B

My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.

Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.

When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.

【1】 Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?

A. He got an older model than he had expected.

B. He couldn’t return it when it was broken.

C. He could have bought it at a lower price.

D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.

【2】Which of the following can best replace the phrase "signed off" in Paragraph 1?

A. ended all their programs B. provided fewer channels

C. changed to commercials D. showed all-night movies

【3】How did the author finally get his TV set working again?

A. By shaking and hitting it. B. By turning it on and off.

C. By switching channels. D. By having it repaired.

【4】How does the author sound when telling the story?

A. Curious. B. Anxious.

C. Cautious. D. Humorous.

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