题目内容

【题目】阅读下面这首唐诗,完成后面题目。

秋日鲁郡尧祠亭上宴别杜补阕范侍御

李白

我觉秋兴选,谁云秋兴悲?

山苷落日去,水与晴空宜。

鲁酒白玉壶,送行驻金羁。

歇鞍憩古木,解带挂横枝。

歌鼓川上亭,曲度神飙吹。

云归碧海夕,雁没青天对。

相失各万里,茫然空尔思。

【1】下列对整首诗内容和手法的分析,最恰当的两项是

A.本诗标题交代了时间“秋日’’、地点“鲁郡尧祠亭”、人物“杜补阙”“范侍御”及事件“宴别”。

B.诗开头两句“我觉”、“谁云”前后对照,以强烈的主观抒情色彩体现李白的艺术个性,一“悲”字为全诗定下伤感的基调。

C.三、四两句交代别宴的具体时间和场景,抓住群山、落日、水流、睛空等景物与后文“云归碧海夕,雁没青天时”共同营造了一种落寞凄清的氛围。

D.送别宴会上大家开怀畅饮,歌唱的歌唱,奏曲的奏曲。作者以正侧面相结合的手法描写了别宴上的热烈场面。

E.此诗语言自然而夸张,层次分明而有节奏,增强了全诗的艺术感染力。

2整首诗表达了诗人怎样的情感?请结合全诗简要分析。

【答案】

【1】AE

【2】①乐观、旷达。(答出情感1分,分析2分,共3分)②对友人的深厚情谊和离别的愁绪。(答出情感1分,分析2分,3分)

【解析】

【1】鉴赏文学作品的语言。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。

题干要求选出“下列对整首诗内容和手法的分析,最恰当的两项”,B“‘悲’字为全诗定下伤感的基调”有误。C“落寞凄清”不妥,三、四句之境阔大疏朗。D“以正侧面相结合的手法描写”有误,此处主要为正面描写。

古典诗歌写景的七种角度:

一、正面与侧面的结合。(所有的烘托写法都是侧面描写,在回答侧面描写时要具体)题中“鲁酒白玉壶,送行驻金羁” “歌鼓川上亭,曲度神飙吹”主要是正面描写。

二、动静结合。在中国古代诗歌里,诗人为了创造意境,特别注意动态描写,动静结合是一种重要的写景手法.在这种手法的运用中,诗人往往独出心裁,每着一字" 而使"境界全出"。

三、声与色的结合(利用感官多角度写景)古代写景常常涉及到声音与颜色,这是诗人利用感官多角度写景,让读者如临其境,受到了很高的艺术效果。

四、虚与实的结合 "虚"与"实"是两个极大的概念,具体点说是无形与有形,抽象与具体,想象回忆与现实。

五、点与面的结合。万事万物都是彼此相互联系的,不是孤立存在的。描写的景物也一样,他们总是和周围的景物有着千丝万缕的联系。因此,诗人在写景状物时,不是孤立静止地写主体物,,还写主体物周围的联系物,点面结合,烘云托月,使主体形象更丰满,更有特色。

六、远与近的结合。看景物,观察者所处的方位不同,角度不同,俯视,仰视,远眺,近看,视觉形象会呈现千姿百态,变化万千。从不同角度描写,会使读者对所描写的景物产生更加全面的认识,获得更完美的感受。比如本题中运用的是空间角度中的高低结合,山上的树木和山下的泉水,山崖上残雪与山路上出征的骑兵,构成了高低有致,上下错落的画面。

七、白描手法。白描,原是中国绘画的传统技法之一,大致同西洋画法中的速写或素描,其特点是用简练的墨色线条勾勒画面,赋形写意,不事烘托,不施色彩。这种画法引入诗歌创作中,那就是不用形容词和修饰语,也不用精雕细刻和层层渲染,朴素平易的文字,干净利索地勾画出事物的形状,光暗声响等,以表现作者对事物的感受。写景是诗歌的主要内容,鉴赏诗歌的写景就要从诗人写景方式入手,这样才能准确把握景物中所蕴含的诗人情感。

【2】评价文学作品的思想内容和作者的观点态度。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。

题干要求 “整首诗表达了诗人怎样的情感?请结合全诗简要分析。”本题考查评价诗歌的思想内容和作者的观点态度的能力。诗歌四两句写别宴的具体时间和场景,诗人的感情同各种富有特征的物件、动作和音响效果等交融在一起,气氛一句比一句浓烈,感情一层比一层推进,表现出诗人和友人们异乎寻常的乐观、旷达,一扫一般送别诗那种常见的哀婉、悲切之情,而显得热烈、奔放。全诗以“相失各万里,茫然空尔思”作结,酒酣席散,各奔一方,留下的是无尽的离情别绪。

古典诗歌的作者在他们的作品中表达情感、主张、观点和态度时,直白张扬(或开门见山,或卒章显志)的少,含蓄隐晦(或借景抒情,或托物言志)的多。因此,正确评价作品的思想内容和作者的观点态度,必须多管齐下,准确理解、仔细分析,做出全方位、多角度的解读。首先,熟悉形象的符号意义。众所周知,古典诗歌乃至各类文学作品都是借助“形象”的塑造来表达作品的思想内容和作者的观点态度的。诗歌中塑造的形象,除了人物形象(叙事主人公、抒情主人公),更多的是景物形象:如湖光山色、田园桑麻、大漠孤城之类。这些形象,倾注着诗人的思想和情感,所以被称作“意象”。只有真正理解了诗歌的意象,才能深入领会诗歌的思想感情。然后,把握诗中的显性信息,古典诗歌中,除了含蓄隐晦的隐性信息,也有一些显性信息,鉴赏时要注意把握。这些显性信息,一般出现在诗歌的标题或由命题者提供的注释中。比如本题中的“相失各万里,茫然空尔思”是关键词。第三,了解典故的关联比照。典故辞约意丰,常为古人在诗词中使用,以与所反映的时、事、人形成关联比照。典故的含义一般是固定的,因此对诗歌内容的分析鉴赏有时可以从所用典故的联想比照意义着手。第四,分析运用的表达技巧,表达技巧的运用,是为表达作品的思想内容和作者的观点态度服务的。不仅是在解答“表达技巧”类题目时,而且在解答“思想情感”类题目时,也需要对诗歌中所采用的表达技巧进行分析,通过对表达技巧的分析来把握诗意诗情。第五,捕捉蕴含的情感理趣 古诗词大都采用两种表达方式,一为描写,一为抒情。结构上,往往描写在前,抒情在后;描写是为抒情作铺垫,抒情是描写的升华。诗中的抒情句,情感充实饱满,意蕴很深。分析诗人的心境与情感,自然要捕捉、分析这些诗句。

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【题目】 Have you heard or read stories about people who are sick and have been healed by listening to music? Is it a miracle or a successful form of medicine? Can listening to music relieve pain?

Around the world, music therapy(疗法) is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.

Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music (the different tempos, rhythms, melodies and harmonies) provokes(激发) the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Although rap or hip hop might be fun to listen to, its unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.

Have scientists been able to prove that music can heal disease? Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins(内啡肽). Endorphins are the bodys natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mothers womb. Certain, types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a persons heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications(药物) that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, day cares and schools.

Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.

Title: Music That 【1】

The 【2】 of music therapy

To treat different medical conditions and illness

To reduce pain

to 【3】 brain activity

To overcome 【4】

How does music therapy 【5】 ?

Music is smoothing and relaxing; it stimulates our brains; classical music is a 【6】 due to its complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument is also useful in 【7】 stress and anxiety.

Scientific proofs

Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the 【8】 babies. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a persons heart rate.

【9】

Music therapy is recognized as a useful 【10】 to traditional treatment.

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