题目内容

【题目】2014年2月10日，国家卫计委宣布上海、江苏等9个省份已通过备案，成为第一批实施“单独两孩”政策的省份。下图是我国某省从建国初期至今的人口自然增长轨迹示意图，其中Ⅲ阶段为预测段。完成下列各题。

【1】关于图中人口变化的描述正确的是

A．Ⅰ阶段人口数量大于Ⅱ阶段人口数量

B．Ⅱ阶段会出现劳动力严重短缺问题

C．Ⅲ阶段不会出现人口老龄化问题

D．②和③拐点的出现主要是受政策因素影响

【2】该省实施单独二孩政策以后，十年内不会对以下各项中产生明显影响的是

A．人口老龄化速度

B．劳动力的规模

C．婴幼儿用品消费市场及相关产业

D．医疗教育等公共资源

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【解析】

试题分析：

【1】 读图，根据图中曲线，Ⅱ阶段的人口出生率大于死亡率，人口总数持续增大，所以I阶段人口数量小于Ⅱ阶段 ，A错。Ⅱ阶段人口自然增长率下降，但仍较高，不会出现劳动力严重短缺，B错。Ⅲ阶段人口老龄化问题仍较严重，C错。②拐点出现是严格的计划生育政策，③拐点的出现主要是计划生育政策调整，都受政策因素影响 ，D对。

【2】该省实施单独二胎政策以后，出生率增加，人口自然增长率增加，人口老龄化速度会减明显慢，A错。但十年内新增人口不会转化成劳动力，不会影响劳动力的规模，B对。人口自然增长率增加，婴幼儿用品消费市场及相关产业有明显发展，C错。人口增长，医疗教育等公共资源增加明显，D错。

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