题目内容

【题目】324,243,135三个数的最大公约数是________.

【答案】27

【解析】324=243×1+81,243=81×3,所以243与324的最大公约数是81.

又135=81×1+54,81=54×1+27,54=27×2+0,

所以135与81的最大公约数是27,所以三个数的最大公约数是27.

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【题目】

Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations(调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiments are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.

Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.

What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyones ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.

Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.

When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. A format for exchanging information (e.g., photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.

After youve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the teams effectiveness---the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.

根据短文内容完成下列表格,一空一词。

Title

Working Together

Theme

Effective performance needs highly cooperated 【1】 .

General rules

·Keep an open mind to everyones 【2】 .

·Divide the group task among group members.

·【3】 and trust each other.

【4】

·Understand and agree to the 【5】 task of ones own.

·Take turns doing various tasks.

·Show concern for others to ensure safety.

·Take 【6】 for ones own learning.

·Compare your own observations with those of others.

Explore an issue

·Break the 【7】 into several areas.

·Keep records of the sources just in 【8】 .

·【9】 your information with others via proper format.

·Make all decisions by compromise and agreement.

【10】

effectiveness

·Analyze the strengths and weaknesses.

·Find out the opportunities and challenges.

【题目】阅读下面的文言文,完成各题。

元彧,字文若。彧少有才学,时誉甚美。侍中崔光见彧,退而谓人曰:黑头三公,当此人也。 彧姿制闲裕,吐发流靡,琅邪王诵有名人也,见之未尝不心醉忘疲。奏郊庙歌辞,时称其美。彧本亮,字仕明,时侍中穆绍与彧同署,避绍父,启求改名。诏曰:仕明风神运吐,常自以比荀文若,可名彧,以取定体相伦之美。彧求复本封,诏许,复封临淮,寄食相州魏郡。会尔朱荣入洛,杀害元氏。彧抚膺恸哭,遂奔萧衍。衍亦先闻名,深相器待,见彧于乐游园,因设宴乐。彧闻乐声,歔欷,涕泪交下,悲感傍人,衍为之不乐。自前后奔叛皆希旨称魏为伪唯彧上表启常云魏临淮王。衍体彧雅性,不以为责。及知庄帝践阼,彧以母老请还,辞旨恳切。衍乃以礼遣。彧性至孝,事父母尽礼,自经违离,不进酒肉,容貌憔悴,见者伤之。庄帝追崇武宣王为文穆皇帝,庙号肃祖,母李妃为文穆皇后,将迁神主于太庙,以高祖为伯考。时庄帝意锐,朝臣无敢言者,唯彧与吏部尚书李神并有表闻。又追尊兄彭城王为孝宣皇帝,彧又面谏曰:陛下中兴,意欲宪章前古,作而不法,后世何观?历寻书籍,未有其事。帝不从。尔朱荣死,除彧司徒公。尔朱世隆率部北叛,诏彧防河阴,及尔朱兆率众奄至,彧出东掖门,为贼所获。见兆,辞色不屈,为群胡所殴薨。彧美风韵,善进止,衣冠之下,雅有容则。博览群书,不为章句。所著文藻虽多亡失,犹有传于世者。

(节选自《魏书》卷十八列传第六)

【1】下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是( )

A.自前后奔叛/皆希旨称/魏为伪/唯彧上表/启常云魏临淮王/衍体彧雅性不以为责/及知庄帝践阼/彧以母老请还/辞旨恳切/

B.自前后奔叛/皆希旨称魏为伪/唯彧上表启/常云魏临淮王/衍体彧雅性/不以为责/及知庄帝践阼/彧以母老请还/辞旨恳切/

C.自前后奔叛/皆希旨称/魏为伪/唯彧上表/启常云魏临淮王/衍体彧雅性不以为责/及知庄帝践阼/彧以母老请还/辞旨恳切/

D.自前后奔叛/皆希旨称魏为伪/唯彧上表/启常云魏临淮王衍体/彧雅性不以为责/及知庄帝践阼/彧以母老请还/辞旨恳切/

【2】下列对文中加横线词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是( )

A.名:人的称谓。古人有名有字,有的还有号,名、字与号的根本区别在于,前者由父亲或尊长取定,后者由自己取定。

B.太庙:封建皇帝为祭拜祖先而营建的庙宇。如欧阳修《伶官传序》入于太庙,还矢先王中的太庙即为此意。

C.河阴:特指黄河,指山的南面或水的北面,则指山的北面或水的南面,故河阴指黄河以北地区。

D.讳:忌讳。避讳,中国封建社会对于君主和尊长的名字,必须避免直接说出或写出,而避讳的方法有代称法、改字法、空字法、缺笔法等。

【3】下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是( )

A.元彧本名叫元亮,因避讳,所以启求改名,皇帝因为他谈吐具有风采神韵,且经常自比荀文若,所以认为他可改名为彧。

B.元彧不忘前朝,敢于劝谏。在梁朝他上表时自称魏临淮王,萧衍没有责怪他但感到不乐;面对一意孤行的庄帝,他一再劝谏。

C.元彧为人孝顺,心痛族人。他在庄帝继位时因为母亲年老请求回北方;元氏族人被尔朱荣杀害,他得知后拍胸痛哭。

D.他博览群书,文采斐然,但不为章句之学。所写的文章仍有流传在世的。

【4】把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)彧抚膺恸哭,遂奔萧衍。衍亦先闻名,深相器待,见彧于乐游园,因设宴乐。

译文:________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

(2)陛下中兴,意欲宪章前古,作而不法,后世何观?历寻书籍,未有其事。

译文:________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

【题目】阅读下面的文言文,完成文后各题

罗亨信,字用实,东莞人。永乐二年进士。仁宗嗣位,始召入为御史。监通州仓储,巡按畿内。

英宗即位之三月,擢右佥都御史,练兵平凉、西宁。正统二年,蒋贵讨阿台、朵儿只伯,亨信参其军务。至鱼儿海,贵等以刍饷不继,留十日引还。亨信让之曰:公等受国厚恩,敢临敌退缩耶?死法孰与死敌?贵不从。亨信上章言贵逗遛状。帝以其章示监督尚书王骥等。明年进兵,大破之。亨信以参赞功,进秩一等。

父丧归葬。还朝,改命巡抚宣府、大同。参将石亨请简大同民三之一为军,亨信奏止之。十年进右副都御史,巡抚如故。时遣官度二镇军田,一军八十亩外,悉征税五升。亨信言:文皇帝时,诏边军尽力垦田,毋征税,陛下复申命之,今奈何忽为此举?塞上诸军,防边劳苦,无他生业,惟事田作。每岁自冬徂春迎送瓦剌使臣三月始得就田七月又复刈草八月以后修治关塞计一岁中曾无休暇。况边地硗瘠,霜早收薄,若更征税,则民不复耕,必致窜逸。计臣但务积粟,不知人心不固,虽有粟,将谁与守?帝纳其言而止。

初,亨信尝奏言:也先专候衅端,以图入寇。宜预于直北要害,增置城卫为备。不然,恐贻大患。兵部议,寝不行。及土木之变,人情汹惧。有议弃宣府城者,官吏军民纷然争出。亨信仗剑坐城下,令曰:出城者斩!又誓诸将为朝廷死守,人心始定。也先挟上皇至城南,传命启门。亨信登城语曰:奉命守城,不敢擅启。也先逡巡引去。赤城、雕鹗、怀来、永宁、保安诸守将弃城遁,并按其罪。

当是时,车驾既北,寇骑日薄城下,关门左右皆战场。亨信与总兵杨洪以孤城当其冲,外御强寇,内屏京师。洪既入卫,又与朱谦共守,劳绩甚著。景帝即位,进左副都御史。明年,年七十有四矣,乞致仕。许之。归八年,卒于家。

(节选自《明史罗亨信传》)

【1】对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是( )

A.每岁/自冬徂春迎送瓦剌/使臣三月始得就田/七月又复/刈草八月/以后修治关塞计一岁/中曾无休暇

B.每岁/自冬徂春迎送瓦剌/使臣三月始/得就田七月/又复刈草八月以后/修治关塞计一岁/中曾无休暇

C.每岁自冬徂春/迎送瓦剌使臣/三月始得就田/七月又复/刈草八月/以后修治关塞计一岁/中曾无休暇

D.每岁自冬徂春/迎送瓦剌使臣/三月始得就田/七月又复刈草/八月以后/修治关塞/计一岁中曾无休暇

【2】下列对文中词语的相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是( )

A.进士,中国古代科举制度中,通过朝廷最后一级考试者,称为进士。古代科举考试按照等级次序先后分为院试、乡试、会试、殿试。

B.嗣位、即位:特指皇帝登上皇位,表示此意思的词还有登基、践阼等等。

C.正统二年中的正统是年号。古代常用的纪年法有干支纪年法(十天干与十二地支两字相配,60年周而复始)、王公即位年次纪年法、年号纪年法、年号干支兼用法等。文中的年号还有英宗

D.兵部,古代官署名,六部之一。相当于今天的国防部。掌管选用武官及兵籍、军械、军令等。其长官为兵部尚书。

【3】下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是( )

A.朝廷派蒋贵出兵征讨,罗亨信参与其中,蒋贵等人借故在鱼儿海逗留十天后返回,罗亨信很是不满,上奏章说明情况。后来继续进兵,终于大破敌军,罗亨信也因此晋级一等。

B.皇上派遣官员测量军田,规定一军八十亩以外都要征税五升,罗亨信援引先例,反对采取这一举措,并提出如果辛苦劳作、收入微薄而不堪赋税,人民就会放弃耕种选择逃逸。

C.敌人兵临城下,形势非常危急,亨信与总兵杨洪因为孤城处在交通要道,外御强敌,内保京城,浴血奋战,尽职尽责。景帝即位时,他虽已七十三岁,还是被晋升为左副都御史。

D.为防备也先入侵,罗亨信提议在正北要塞增置城卫,兵部虽然不很赞同,但还是接受了他的意见。为保卫宣府城,他持剑坐在城下,即使太上皇受到挟持,他都未曾打开城门。

【4】把文言文阅读材料中画线的句子译成现代汉语。

(1)亨信让之曰:公等受国厚恩,敢临敌退缩耶?死法孰与死敌?

译文:

(2)计臣但务积粟,不知人心不固,虽有粟,将谁与守?

译文:

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