题目内容

【题目】财政部相关官员在出席第二届长三角财税论坛时透露,目前地方自行上报到财政部的债务总额约为16万亿元。当前中国经济增速逐步放缓,财政收入增长亦随之减速。分析人士认为,在经济下行压力加大和依法理财、依法治税日益受到重视的背景下,地方政府的负债如何处理,成为一大严峻问题。

结合材料,运用国家财政的相关知识说明政府合理举债对经济发展的作用。

【答案】根据经济发展的具体情况通过合理举债形成债务收入,有利于增强财政对经济发展的作用。把债务资金收入投向教科文卫和保障性住房,有助于促进社会公平,为改善人民生活提供物质保障,提高劳动者的积极性,促进经济社会协调发展。把债务资金投向市政和交通运输设施等基础设施建设,有助于促进资源的合理配置,提高经济效益。合理确定财政收支关系,可以促进国民经济平稳运行。

【解析】本题以财政部相关官员透露地方政府的债务情况为背景,考查学生调动和运用知识进行论证和探讨问题的能力。本题限定的知识点很明确,即运用国家财政的相关知识,设问直接指向政府合理举债对经济发展的作用。学生可以把该设问看成两个问题,政府该如何合理举债和合理举债对经济发展的作用。政府如何合理举债,可以从合理确定财政收支关系方面去谈。合理举债对经济发展的作用,其实质就是国家财政收入对经济发展的作用。

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【题目】【2015·陕西】第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从下框的A~F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。

A. The mistaken belief

B. The need for tolerance

C. Unpunctuality at dinners

D. Punctuality and confidence

E. Self-discipline and punctuality

F. Avoid anxiety by being punctual

1

There is the belief that, if you arrive at an appointment late, you will be considered important. This is a mistaken view. Being unpunctual, we are not respectful of others ; we are interfering (扰乱)with another man's time. We must realise that keeping appointments or being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed and we are expected to respect this contract. It is only natural that we lose faith, trust and confidence in a person who is tardy(延迟的).

2

To be punctual one has to have self-discipline(自律), and the lack of it affects others. A school boy or girl is unpunctual because he or she does not have the necessary human virtue of self-discipline. It is also a mark of disrespect for a system or an institution. Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit cause problems to others. A salesman who is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment. If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job.

3

Being punctual, we can avoid anxiety. Imagine the anxiety if you do not want to be considered unpunctual. You will be anxious if you set out for a dinner late. The person who sets out late might be careless in driving. He will ignore traffic rules. A traffic jam, flat tyres, etc. can delay him further. Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.

4

Many of those who attend dinners are notorious (声名狼藉的)for unpunctuality. They ignore the appointed time and leave their homes only after the fixed time. They are indifferent to the inconvenience caused to others. If the self-centred guest arrives late, the nine others at the table set for ten will have to wait. The host is put in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all -the waiters, the management staff, etc. It is necessary for us to think of others and be considerate to them.

5

However, we cannot always be intolerant (无法容忍的) of tardiness, for ordinary living requires some tolerance. There can be a busy executive who fights to keep to his schedule. Such a person may be forgiven if he is late, but not those who are deliberately late to create impression.

In modern society, punctuality is a necessary virtue. It is a recognition of the importance of other people.

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