题目内容

【题目】根据下表， 回答下列问题。

第六次人口普查数据（北京市）

规划专家提出的北京市人口数量

2000年～2010年人口自然增长率（年均）

0．35%

满足经济发展，维持较好的环境和生活质量

2300万人

2000年～2010年常住人口增加

604万人

充分利用北京的各种资源，最大可容纳

3000万人

2010年常住人口

1961万人

【1】依据专家分析，北京市（ ）

A．环境承载力为2300万人 B．人口合理容量为1961万人

C．环境承载力为3000万人 D．人口合理容量为3000万人

【2】与上海相比，限制北京市人口合理容量的主要因素为（ ）

A．水资源 B．矿产资源 C．消费水平 D．科技条件

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【解析】

试题分析：

【1】环境承载力是指在一定时期、一定状态或条件下，一定的环境系统所能承受的生物和人文系统正常运行的能力，即最大值，而最大支持阈值通常用环境人口容量来表示。人口合理容量是指按照合理的生活方式，保障健康的生活的水平，同时又不妨碍未来人口生活质量的前提下，一个国家或地区最适宜的人口数量。读表可知，满足经济发展，维持较好的环境和生活质量，北京市人口数量为2300万，是人口合理容量。充分利用北京的各种资源，最大可容纳数量为3000万，是环境承载力，故选C。

【2】根据木桶效应原理可知，环境人口容量由最差方面的环境要素决定的。与上海相比，北京市为温带季风气候，降水少，地表径流缺乏，水资源紧张是限制人口容量的决定性因素，故选A。

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