题目内容

【题目】2015年高考天津下列词语中没有错别字的一组是

A.透彻 频律 攻坚战 振聋发聩

B.通谍 竞聘 节骨眼 锋芒毕露

C.精悍 杂糅 识时务 礼尚往来

D.坐标 博取 辨证法 大相径庭

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查识记并正确书写现代常用规范汉字的能力。A项,频率。B项,通牒。D项,辩证法。

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【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成后面的题目。

清明是节气与节日的合体,节气是“天时”,是纯粹的自然时间,节日是“人时”,是社会文化的时间选择。“天人合一”观念在清明中得到了生动体现。古代节日一般依据节气时令,但脱离节气时间点,另外生成民俗节日,立春到新年、夏至到端午走的就是这一路径,但清明没有沿用这一文化习惯。

清明是踏青郊游、珍重生命的节日。清明时节,自然界生机一片,人们借祭墓踏青郊游。祭墓与踏青原来分属寒食与清明,唐代以前寒食与清明是两个主题不同的节日,一为怀旧悼亡,一为求新护生。寒食禁火冷食祭墓,清明取新火踏青出游。一阴一阳,一息一生,二者有着密切的配合关系;禁火为了出火,祭亡意在佑生,这就是后来清明兼并寒食的内在文化依据。清明时节的户外运动,其原始的意义在于顺应时气,是月生气方盛,阳气发泄,万物萌生,人们以主动的姿态顺应。踏青、蹴鞠秋千、拔河、放风筝等大都是有助于阳气发散的活动。

宋代是生活日趋都市化的时代,也是民俗向娱乐方向发展的时代。宋代为了让人能在清明扫墓、踏青,特地规定太学放假三日,武学一日。此时的寒食不仅收容在清明节下,清明踏青习俗也得到前所未有的兴盛。史称“四野如市”,“都城之歌儿舞女,遍满园亭,抵暮而归。”《清明上河图》就更直观形象地为我们展示了清明时节宋代都市居民出行的生活图景。

插柳或戴柳是清明踏青与护佑生命的仪式行为。柳树为春季应时佳木,得春气之先。在四野一片苍茫之际,柳树最先吐出新绿。柳树易栽易活的生存特性,显示出其生命力的强旺。因此在古人观念中,柳树非普通林木,它有着神奇的效用。清明的新火就取自柳榆木。据说民间新火的传递亦是以柳条传送。贾岛“晴风吹柳絮,新火起厨烟”的诗句大概吟诵的是这一情形。柳木不仅带来新火,而且它很早就具有驱邪避鬼、护佑生灵的功用。《齐民要术》有“取柳枝著户上,百鬼不入家”之说。这就是“三月清明门插柳”习俗的心理根源。宋代清明节已“家家以柳条插于门上”,说是可以“明眼”,也就是能明辨鬼邪,看住家门。新柳一般由人们在祭墓踏青时在墓地野外折回,宋人诗曰:“莫把青青都折尽,明朝更有出城人。”

戴柳是指人们以结成球状的柳枝或柳叶戴于头上,民谚曰:“清明不戴柳,红颜成皓首”。城居的人们很喜欢这一习俗,鬓插青柳,既吉祥又有生气。事实上,春夏之交因气候的关系人们易受季节性的疫病侵袭,人们为了顺利度过这一危险时段,于是利用清明节俗预先进行禳解。这正是清明戴柳、插柳的原始民俗意义。青柳留春,意味着在春季将逝的时节,人们用青青的柳枝来象征对青春的挽留,“留青”也就留住了“红颜”,留住了生命。

(摘编自萧放《清明礼俗文化的传承与创新》)

【1】下列关于原文内容的表述,不正确的一项是

A.“天人合一”观念在清明中得到了生动体现,是由于清明是节气与节日的合体,而节气是“天时”, 节日是“人时”。

B.唐代以前的寒食与清明是两个不同的节日,二者各有自己的主题,前者为怀旧悼亡,后者为求新护生。

C.清明后来之所以能够兼并寒食,是因为二者存在相互依存的内在文化依据:禁火为了出火,祭亡意在佑生。

D.清明时节踏青、蹴鞠、秋千、拔河、放风筝等户外运动有助于阳气发散,这是人们对时气的主动顺应。

2下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是

A.为了让人能在清明扫墓、踏青,宋代特地规定太学放假三日武学一日,这表明生活已经日趋都市化。

B.宋代人们的踏青习俗前所未有兴盛起来,这与这个时代民俗向娱乐方向发展的潮流密切相关。

C.“四野如市”“都城之歌儿舞女,遍满园亭,抵暮而归”的描写和记载,证明了宋朝清明踏青习俗的兴盛。

D.《清明上河图》里描绘的清明时节都市居民出行的生活图景,直观形象地为我们展示了宋代的清明文化。

3根据原文内容,下列说法不正确的一项是

A.古代民俗节日的生成一般既依据节气,但又与节气时间不相重合,立春、新年,夏至、端午等都符合这一规律。

B.人们把插柳或戴柳当作清明踏青与护佑生命的仪式行为,是因为柳树具有生命力强旺和得春气之先的特性。

C.“清明不戴柳,红颜成皓首”的谚语,表达了人们希望用清明时青青的柳枝来留住青春,留住“红颜”的期盼。

D.人们借助清明戴柳、插柳对春夏之交季节性的疫病侵袭预先进行禳解,这是戴柳、插柳的原始民俗意义所在。

【题目】How to make friends

Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. ___【1】___But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.

Associate with others

The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.

Start a conversation

Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. __【2】____You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is very use full skill in relating with other people.

_【3】_____

Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friends together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.

Let it grow

It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friends with calls, messages and or visits as this would likely wear him or her our and finally you may lose your friend. _【4】_____The best friendships are the ones grow naturally.

Enjoy your friendship

The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. __【5】____try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.

Be cheerful.

Do things together

Do not wait to be spoken to.

Try not to find fault with your friends.

Making new friends comes easy for some people.

F. For a friendship to develop your need to stay in touch.

G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.

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