【题目】阅读下面的文字,完成下列题。

坝上的云

王巨才

到坝上,像猛然闯进陌生的世界,一切都那么真实,又真实得让人不敢置信。

最惹人的,是那铺天盖地、惊心动魄的云。大团的,如雪域高原巍峨耸峙的群峰,小些的,则像一垛垛随意堆积的棉绒。大团小团的云,逶迤纠结,撕扯不断,威风八面地布满整个天空,让人顿生敬畏。云是低垂的,似乎伸手便可抓到一把。云又是静止的,半天见不到些许变幻。太阳倒像是游动的。当太阳躲在背后的时候,云会呈现浓淡深浅不同的状态,而当她一旦露脸,所有的云团便立刻镶上耀眼的金光,像聚焦在一万只强光灯下,轰轰烈烈,辉煌无比。

云层的上面,是湛蓝的天幕。那蓝色,也是辽远的,深邃的,洁净神圣的,伫望之际,总有一种心底空茫,万念俱消,乃至整个人都要被融化的感觉。

这样的天空是能够让人陶醉的,感动得掉泪的。

天似穹庐,笼盖四野。

蓝天白云下的塞罕坝,位于阴山山脉和大兴安岭余脉交界处,蒙语意为“美丽的高原”。

真不敢相信大自然竟有这样神奇的灵感,把一片辽阔的原野摆布得如此周到,协调,精妙绝伦。中心的位置自然是浩浩渺渺、波光幽幽的湖水。从环湖小道走过,不时会有打挺的鱼儿 跃出水面,挑逗人们的游兴;茂密的水草间,也会有不知名的野鸟猛地从身边腾起,像故意吓你一跳,而后带着一串悦耳的鸣声顽皮地向远处飞去。湖的四周,是巨幅地毯般铺展开来的草甸,草是浅黄色的,上面缀满蒿子梅、金莲花、野百合、风信子等五颜六色的野花,像是给湖水镶了一圈璀璨的璎珞。再远处,便是由低到高、由近及远次第排开的白桦林和油松林,那白桦和油松都像是经过严格挑选的,高矮粗细全都一样,看去如同士气饱满的军阵, 齐刷刷布满大小冈峦,煞是雄壮,威严。

谷底是一条小溪,泠泠有声,清澈见底。老曲说这便是滦河的源头,为保证京津用水安全,这一带是绝对不许污染的,连种地都禁止使用化肥农药。小溪对面便是内蒙古地界,山坡上一排青砖红瓦的平房,老曲说那村子叫十二座连营,属克什克腾旗。我问他家在什么地方,老曲左手一指,说就是远处沙柳树下的那几排房子,叫西连营。问光景过得咋样,答说还行吧,你们租的这三匹马都是我的,两个月旅游旺季,少说也能收万把块钱;平常时间,房前屋后种点荞麦莜麦土豆萝卜什么的,基本够一家人吃了;也没有什么负担,两个孩子一个在湖南上大学,一个在县政府上班。农村人要求不高,能自给自足,自由自在,也就满足了。

老曲70多岁,脸膛黑里透红,看上去不到50。见我们七嘴八舌连声称羡,他憨厚而不无幽默地表示,生活在这个地方,再不显得年轻些,能对得起身边的青山绿水,白云蓝天吗?

第二天,走进农场展览馆,发现另一个精彩的伏笔!

原来,这些让我们一整天赞叹不已、流连忘返的秀美风光,这被称作河的源头、云的故乡、花的世界、林的海洋、鸟的天堂的塞罕坝,既非老天恩赐,也非祖宗馈赠,而是当代英雄胼手胝足、生死以之的杰作。

这方曾是皇家林苑的风水宝地,历经放围垦种和战乱破坏,全国解放时已变成风沙肆虐的莽莽荒原。为了“给北京阻沙源,给天津涵水源,给国家增资源,给地方拓财源”,1962年2月,来自全国19个省市的127名大、中专毕业生和242名工人到这里安营扎寨,开始了植树造林,重建绿色屏障的征程。共和国版图上,一个新型的国营林场由此诞生。

想想看,那是一种何等艰苦卓绝的征战:平均气温零摄氏度以下,最低可达零下40摄氏度。全年降水量仅417毫米,无霜期也只有42天。又赶上三年困难时期,物质供应极度匮乏。正是在这种极端恶劣的条件下,年轻的创业者们不避风霜劳苦,吃窝头,住窝棚,饮雪水,抡铁镐,历经一次次失败,又夺得一个个胜利,经过半个世纪的努力,硬是在这片海拔1500米以上的荒沙地上,营造出一派葱茏的绿意。现在,塞罕坝人工林和草原面积达到1658平方公里。这中间,自然包含几代林业工作者的汗水和心血,有说不完的感天动地的 故事。

汽车沿京承高速公路南行,过了古北口,天气又变得灰蒙蒙的。如同从一场美轮美奂的舞台情景中返回现实,思绪纷然,感慨丛生。

(有删改)

【1】下列对文章相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏,最不恰当的一项是

A.开头描绘坝上的云以及云在太阳下的不同形态,表现云辽远洁净神圣等特点,是为了引出下文蓝天白云下的青山绿水。

B.文章运用移步换景和比拟的手法,通过对色彩、声音变化的描写,表现了秀美的塞罕坝是大自然精妙绝伦的天然馈赠。

C.文中写几代林业工作者艰苦卓绝的征战,表现了造林护林者的艰辛与奉献,也从侧面表现塞罕坝曾遭受严重的人为破坏。

D.文章通过塞罕坝风光的描写、与老曲的对话和农场展览馆的介绍,将自然景色和人文思考有机融合,富有浓郁的时代气息。

2开篇说塞罕坝“一切都那么真实”又“真实得让人不敢置信”,这样写有何作用?请简要分析。

3作者发现的两个“精彩的伏笔”,意蕴丰富,设置巧妙,请谈谈你的理解。

【题目】Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.

Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful (有害的),it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem said Professor Peter Barnes.

Ten healthy volunteers (志愿者) were given the-obromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.

The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levels of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.

The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity (神经活动),which caused coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.

1 According to Professor Barnes, theobromine __________

A. cannot be as effective as codeine

B. can be harmful to people's health

C. cannot be separated from chocolate

D. can be a more effective cure for coughs

2 What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?

A. Theobromine. B. Codeine. C. Capsaicin. D. Placebo.

3 We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment __________.

A. were patients with bad coughs

B. were divided into three groups

C. received standard treatments

D. suffered little side effects

4 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Codeine a new medicine

B. Chocolate may cure coughs

C. Cough treatment a hard case

D. Theobromine can cause coughs

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