题目内容
【题目】阅读下面这首诗,完成下列各题。
月圆(1)
【唐】杜甫
孤月当楼满,寒江动夜扉。
委波金不定,照席绮逾依。(2)
未缺(3)空山静,高悬列宿(4)稀。
故园松桂发,万里共清辉。
【注】(1)这首诗是唐代宗大历元年(766)秋天杜甫所作(2)这里指光彩更加柔美。(3)未缺:指月圆。(4)列宿:众星。
【1】这首诗前六句描写了月圆之夜的那几幅画面?请用简洁的语言进行概括。
【2】本诗最后两句情感真挚,请从虚实结合的角度进行赏析。
【答案】
【1】孤月当空,清辉满楼;月映寒江,影动柴扉;月洒江波,浮光跃金;月照绮席,光彩交融;月挂空山,万籁俱静;月明中天,疏星寥落。
【2】遥想故园桂花开放,是虚写;眼前清辉,是实写。故园桂花正开放,虚中有实;万里清辉,实中有虚。虚实结合,表达诗人对家乡的深切思念,寄托了诗人渴望万家团圆的美好愿望。
【解析】
【1】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
本题考查学生对文学形象的鉴赏能力。要求概括画面,这就需要对前六句进行逐句分析。首先要明确题干的要求,根据前六句的内容,概括描写的画面,这就要考虑前六句写了哪些景物,组成了怎样的画面。从内容上看前六句一句一景。
概括诗句描写的画面,这样的题型学生平时训练很多,难度不大。但是本题要求概括前六句描写月夜的画面,在概括上增大了难度。第一、二两句描写一轮明月独悬高空,正对屋舍,月光照射在秋夜滚滚的江面之上,又反射到屋门之上闪动。第三、四句诗人从写江上的月光转到写屋内的月光,华丽的绮席被月光照射显得更加老旧。第五、六句诗人的视线从室内转到了室外,秋天的深夜里高悬着的一轮明月,照耀着幽深人少的山林。接着诗人又仰望夜空,看到月光皎洁,群星稀廖。前六句是一句一景。
【2】评价文章的思想内容和作者的观点态度。能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
题干中明确说明从虚实结合的角度进行赏析,实是眼前月景,虚是联想家乡亲人,表达对家乡亲人的思念之情。虚实结合的手法学生很熟,根据题干的提示,学生不难找出眼前景(实),想象景(虚),由此分析情感。
本题考查学生对诗歌情感的赏析,但是题干已表明是从虚实结合的角度进行赏析,这就降低了难度。在平时的训练中,学生已经掌握了想象、移位、梦境等虚写的手法,眼前现实的景物是实写,这样学生分析起来有话可说,方向明确。最后七、八两句诗人由眼前的月亮想像到千里之外的家乡和亲人,联想到与他们远隔万里共沐月光。这些联想是虚写。自己长期滞留异乡,眼前的皓月引发诗人对家乡亲人的思念,只能借月亮遥遥地寄托一种对亲人的思念之情,和诗人的美好的愿望和真情的祝愿。
【题目】 Have you heard or read stories about people who are sick and have been healed by listening to music? Is it a miracle or a successful form of medicine? Can listening to music relieve pain?
Around the world, music therapy(疗法) is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.
Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music (the different tempos, rhythms, melodies and harmonies) provokes(激发) the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Although rap or hip hop might be fun to listen to, it’s unlikely that such styles of music would produce the same kind of therapeutic effect. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.
Have scientists been able to prove that music can heal disease? Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins(内啡肽). Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother’s womb. Certain, types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. Many people are hopeful that music could replace the need for some medications(药物) that are normally used to treat certain illnesses. At present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, day cares and schools.
Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.
Title: Music That 【1】 | ||
The 【2】 of music therapy | To treat different medical conditions and illness | To reduce pain |
to 【3】 brain activity | ||
To overcome 【4】 | ||
How does music therapy 【5】 ? | Music is smoothing and relaxing; it stimulates our brains; classical music is a 【6】 due to its complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument is also useful in 【7】 stress and anxiety. | |
Scientific proofs | Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release of endorphins. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the 【8】 babies. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person’s heart rate. | |
【9】 | Music therapy is recognized as a useful 【10】 to traditional treatment. |
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