Masks, a simple protective tool, have been used by people for a long time. They can not only prevent epidemics, but also protect us from other harmful things, such as smog (雾霾) and chemicals. When was the protective mask first invented and how did it develop? Let's take a look.
1st century At this time, lots of people in the Roman Empire worked underground in mines (矿井). Many died of lung (肺部) diseases caused by dust. Pliny the Elder (23-79), a Roman philosopher, used animal bladders (膀胱) to protect miners from the dust. This was the first recorded use of protective masks. |
16thcentury Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) advised people to wear a woven (纺织的) cloth dipped in water over their faces to protect against harmful chemicals. |
19th century In 1848, American Lewis Hassley became the first person to patent (注册专利) a protective mask for miners. In 1897, Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von Mikulicz Radecki designed a simple mask with one layer of gauze (纱布). He advised medical workers to wear it to prevent infection. This was the first use of a surgical (外科的) mask. |
20th Century In 1910, the pneumonic plague (肺鼠疫) broke out in Northeast China. Chinese doctor Wu Liande designed a face mask called 'Wu's mask'. It was made of two layers of gauze. The mask was praised by experts around the world because it could be produced easily and cheaply. |
Today With several outbreaks of flu and the air pollution in recent years, masks have continued to develop. For example, in 2012, when China suffered from smog, mask models such as N95 and KN95 became popular. They can filter out (过滤掉) fine particulate matter (微粒物). China is now the world's largest mask producer, making out half of the world's masks. |
1.Masks have been used as __________ by people for a long time.
A.a modern fashion B.a kind of cloth C.a pretty decoration D.a protective tool
2.The first recorded use of protective masks was made of __________.
A.gauze B.animal bladder C.cloth D.chemicals
3.__________ advised people to wear a woven (纺织的) cloth dipped in water over their faces to protect against harmful chemicals.
A.American Lewis Hassley
B.Polish-Austrian doctor Johann von Mikulicz Radecki
C.Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci
D.Chinese doctor Wu Liande
4.In 19th century, what the inventors did for the mask was to___________.
A.make its models such as N95 and KN95 B.patent (注册专利) them for doctors
C.design them with one layer of gauze D.filter out (过滤掉) fine particulate matter
5.The advantage of 'Wu's mask' is that __________.
A.it was used to prevent epidemics B.it was invented to prevent infection.
C.it was praised by experts around the world D.it could be produced easily and cheaply
6.The best title of the passage can be __________.
A.Protecting miners from dust B.Wearing masks to prevent infection
C.Producing masks throughout time D.Improving masks throughout time
A live-streaming app (直播应用) that monitors (监控) students in classrooms in some middle schools has raised a lot of online discussion. It was reported that any user of the app Shuidi could see inside classrooms. Some parents have praised the app for giving them the chance to monitor their children, while others worry about privacy problems, Do you think the app is a good idea? | |
I strongly support this app. Nowadays, children play an important role in the whole family, and parents always want to care for their children, wherever they are. This new platform (平台) helps parents see what their children are doing in classes. It's also a good way to make students behave themselves in school. | |
I'm in favor of this app if parents get their children's permission (准许) first. The app could help parents focus on children's bad habits. It could also be used as a tool to prevent bullying (霸凌). However, parents should get their permission first to protect their privacy. | |
I think this app is a bad idea. Schools should be a pleasant and relaxing place for students to study and play. But we will feel uncomfortable if cameras are watching us all the time. We should pay attention to our privacy. Our lives shouldn't be watched by the public. | |
Any form of privacy invasion (侵犯) shouldn't be allowed. Although some parents want to know more about their children, they should do it in a better way. Being under the eye of strangers is too dangerous. |
1.Can any user of a living-streaming app see inside classroom?
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2.In Linda's opinion, what does this new platform help both parents and students?
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3.According to Jeff, what are the advantages of this app if parents get their permission first to protect their privacy?
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4.Why does Betty think this app is a bad idea?
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5.What form does David think is too dangerous?
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6.Are you in favor of having monitoring equipment in your school? Why?
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