Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. An excellent sportsman practices until he can play quickly, correctly and without thinking. Educators call it “automaticity (自动性)”.

A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. With practice, hestumblesless and less, reading by the phrase (短语). With automaticity, he doesn’t have to think about the meaning of words, so he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.

It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read almost three times as fast as the others, but also got better results in exams.

According to Rossman, the key to automaticity is the amount (数量) of time a child spends reading , not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or newspapers will probably reach automaticity. It can happen if a child turns off TV just one night for reading at home.

You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable (适合) for your level. If you read aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentences, you probably are an automatic reader. If you read brokenly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, you need more practice.

1.“Reading is the key to school success” means that reading .

A.helps school develop faster

B.is a key to a successful school

C.helps students go to a key school

D.can improve students’ learning results

2.Children with “automaticity” can read faster because they .

A.know how to read the words

B.do not have to think while reading

C.read by themselves without any help

D.pay attention to the meaning of the text

3.Rossman tells that any child who will possibly be an automatic reader.

A.turns off TV one night 4 weeks

B.reads books by the word quickly

C.spends an hour reading every day

D.gets the same grades as others in exams

4.The underlined word “stumble” in the passage means “ ” in Chinese.

A.结结巴巴地读 B.全神贯注地读

C.心不在焉地读 D.声情并茂地读

5.The best title for the passage is “ ”.

A.IQ Is the Key to the Automaticity

B.TV Is Bad for Children’s Reading

C.Automaticity Depends on Practice

D.Automatic Reads Will Be Successful

Twentieth Century Inventions

1903-The first flight succeeded In 1900, Wilbur Wright said flight was possible for man. After much work, he and his brother Orville Wright made this dream come true.On December 17, 1903, the brothers made the first successful airplane flight on a windy beach at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The brothers' plane flew 120 feet. Although the flight lasted only 12 seconds, it moved the course of history in a new direction.

1935-Nylon was invented In 1928, a new chemical lab was opened to make a kind of man-made materials. Wallace Carothers took part in the team when he was 32 years old. In 1934, he made fibers(纤维), but the fibers were quite weak. He didn't give up. After many experiments, he produced the fibers "nylon". Carothers was very satisfied with his work. Nylon hit the markets in 1939, and quickly became a replacement of silk. But it was a pity that he didn't see the wide use of his invention. He died in April, 1937.

1968-The computer mouse was first shown in public.As a graduate student, Douglas Engelbart began to imagine ways in which all sorts of information could be on screens. In 1964, Douglas Engelbart made the first computer mouse. The computer mouse had a wooden shell with two metal wheels. In 1968, the first computer mouse appeared in public. It was named"mouse "because a tail came out at the end. In later years. the computer mouse became more and more important. Douglas Engelbart changed the way that computers worked. Now computer mice are becoming increasingly useful. And there are many different shapes of computer mice in the world.

1.When did the first flight succeed?

_____________________________________________________

2.What was opened to make a kind of man-made materials in 1928?

_____________________________________________________

3.When did Wallace Carothers die?

_____________________________________________________

4.What was first shown in public in 1968?

_____________________________________________________

5.Who changed the way that computers worked?

_____________________________________________________

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