Experts believe that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants, as we know them, have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. That is, there were no places that provided the restaurant experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere.

There were eating places travellers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private cooks. But none of them could be called a “restaurant”.

A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups(汤). On his sign he used the word "restaurant" to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups were considered something that could help "restore"(恢复)your health — in French the word "restore" is “restaurer” — so he called the soups "restaurants". Soon, people started buying Boulanger's soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word "restaurant" to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More "restaurants" opened in France, and people began to buy soups more often.

Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. The United States offered coffee shops. Tea houses became popular throughout China. Paris created beautiful restaurants for the rich. The British began to copy the French, and the restaurant idea spread throughout the British Empire.

Today cities are filled with all types of restaurants. Diners have millions of options from which to choose.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A. How restaurants developed.

B. What made a good restaurant.

C. Who created the first restaurant.

D. Why restaurants became popular.

2.According to the first paragraph, what made restaurants different from earlier eating places?

A. Restaurants only served food.

B. Restaurants were more expensive.

C. Restaurants were mainly in cities.

D. Restaurants had a list of meal choices.

3.Who did Boulanger expect to come and eat at his restaurant?

A. Rich people.

B. Sick people.

C. Travellers.

D. Workers.

4.When it was first used. what did the word "restaurant" refer to?

A. A person.

B. A place.

C. Illness.

D. Soup.

5.When did restaurants begin to grow internationally?

A. In the 1600s.

B. In the 1700s.

C. In the 1800s.

D. In the 1900s.

Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that junk(垃圾)has become a problem in outer space too.

According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes (望远镜). There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.

Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.

To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.

To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.

Many scientists also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.

The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers,” says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space

Researcher.

“The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,” he says.

1.What does the underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Telescopes.

B. Satellites.

C. Pieces of space junk.

D. BBC news reports.

2.Why is space junk considered a problem?

A. It buns up after it re-enters the atmosphere

B. It often stops the view of telescopes on Earth

C. It could force new space tools to travel at slower speeds

D. It may crash into other space tools causing damage or death

3.Countries want future space tools to be able to fall back into the earth's atmosphere so that .

A. the tools can be reused later

B. the tools don't become space junk

C. the earth’s atmosphere can stay clean

D. the effects of space flight can be studied

4.How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk?

A. Catch it with nets.

B. Use robots to collect it.

C. Burn it in the earth's atmosphere.

D. Send it further away from the earth.

5.In which section of the newspaper would you probably read this article?

A. Environment.

B. Local News.

C. Education.

D. Fashion.

1.How are the books on this webpage listed?

A. By price.

B. By popularity.

C. By reader’s age.

D. By writer’ s name.

2.What is true about the book Women in Science?

A. It is mainly about Marie Curie's history.

B. It lists all the important scientific achievements.

C. It includes women scientists that aren’t famous.

D. It is mostly about the development of modern science.

3.How much will a Bestbooks Book Club member pay in total if he orders First Big Book of How and A Really Short History of Nearly Everything today?

A. $34.

B. $30.

C. $26.

D. $24.

4.A primary school student who needs to write a science report about African elephants should choose .

A. Women in Science

B. First Big Book of How

C. A Really Short History of Nearly Everything

D. National Geographic's First Big Book of the World

5.What is the main purpose of this webpage?

A. To sell books to young readers.

B. To attract new book club members.

C. To encourage students' interest in science.

D. To review books young readers might like.

阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入46~50各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.1.In fact, an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognised(认定) as the inventor a few years ago. Who is Meucci and why wasn't he known for his invention at the time?

Antonio Meucci was born in Italy in 1808. He studied engineering and drawing. During his studies, Meucci started to experiment with electricity. 2.When two places were connected with wire, people in those places could hear each other talk.

In 1850, Meucci and his wife, Ester, moved to New York. Meucci was worried about his wife, because she had become very ill. 3.To solve this problem, he connected metal cables between his home and his workshop. This way, they could talk to each other conveniently.

Meucci invited a group of people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer was heard through the wires.

4. Even worse, Meucci never applied for a patent (专利) on his invention. Meanwhile, Alexander Graham Bell was working on the same idea and in 1876 the patent for the telephone was given to him.

In 2002, more than a century after Meucci's death, his work was finally recognised by the government. 5.

A. He discovered that sound could travel through metal cables.

B. However, he wasn' t the first person to think of the idea.

C. Unfortunately, only a few people attended this talk.

D. He will now be known all over the world as the telephone's inventor.

E. He needed to keep in touch with her at all times.

根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。(每空限填一词)

1.你沿丝绸之路旅游过吗?

_________ ________ever________along the Silk Road?

2.参观广州博物馆对我们很有教育意义。

_________ __________very educational for us________ __________Guangzhou Museum.

3.明天的大雨可能会阻碍我们外出。

The heavy rain may___________us from_________out tomorrow.

4.广州的公园每年都种很多树。

Every year, a lot of trees__________ ________in the parks in Guangzhou.

5.我昨晚看的那场电影真好笑!

________ _____________ _________movie I saw last night!

6.我想知道明天我们在哪里见面。

I wonder ______ _______ _______meet tomorrow.

7.如果你足够细心,就不会犯简单的错误。

You won't ______any simple mistakes_______you __________careful enough.

书面表达

你是英语校报编辑李华。校报收到初一新生Ben的来信，他提出了所面临的两个问题。

请你根据以下提示写一封回信，说明Ben的问题，提出你的建议并陈述理由。

Dear Ben,

I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in middle school. In your letter you said that…

…

Good luck with everything!

Li Hua

注意：

(1)回信应包括所有要点；

(2)词数80左右(信的开头和结尾已给出，
不计入词数)；

(3)不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。

(1) My children are growing up fast. My daughter is 16 and my boy is already in junior high school. As they get bigger our house seems 1.(get) smaller. So we want to sell some of our things in a yard sale and give the money2. a children’s home.

(2) We have already 3.(clear) out a lot of things from our bedrooms. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer 4.(use). My son was quite sad at first. Although he has not played with his old toys 5. a long time, he still wanted6.(keep) them. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his 7.(four) birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven. And he didn’t want to lose his toy monkey, either. He 8.(sleep) next to the monkey every night when he was a child. My daughter was more 9.(understand), although she also felt sad 10.(part) with certain toys.

Michael went back to Fullerton, his home town .His visit to Fullerton was very special to him.① He was born there, he grew up there．But he hadn't been back there since he finished high school．

He went to places he hadn't been to for many years. He walked through the park and remembered the days he had walked through that same park with his friends．He passed by the field where he and his friends had played baseball every day after school. And he stood in front of the movie theater and thought about all the Saturday afternoons he had spent there，watching his favorite movie heroes and eating popcorn.

②他做了已经很久没有做的事情。He had some home-made ice cream at the ice cream shop. He rode on the merry-go-round in the park，and he went fishing at the lake．For a little while，he felt like a kid again．

He saw people he hadn't seen in years．He visited several of his old neighbors．He said hello to the owners of the candy store near his house．And he also went to see Mrs. Riley, his tenth-grade science teacher．

Michael's trip back to Fullerton was a very nostalgic (怀旧的)experience for him．Going back to Fullerton brought back many memories of days gone by．

1.Michael went to places he hadn't been to for many years. Which places did he go?

(no more than 10 words) ________

2.Who did Michael visit? (no more than 20 words )

_________________

3.将短文中①处划线的句子译成汉语。
 

______________________

4.将短文中②处划线汉语句子译成英语。
 

_______________________

5.请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题。
 

____________________

mostly; taken; homeland; abroad; lived; appear;

search; someday; died

Do you have any family members or friends who live 1.? Now many people come to China to look for the roots of their families. They 2. come from the USA, Canada, England and Germany. Mrs. Sun is a Chinese woman, and she has3. abroad for fifty years. Her father is a Chinese farmer. He 4. when Mrs. Sun was only seven years old. She was 5. by her uncle to America and has lived abroad ever since. She is a famous singer now in America. Every time she appears in public, thousands of her fans never miss the chance to see her. She is also a poet and a lot of people are deeply moved by her poems. She often says she is in 6. of her ancestors’ roots. She has never forgotten her7.. She hopes that she will be able to go back to her hometown someday, and she will go to her father’s grave.

Please come in, Alice. Welcome to _________ house.

A. her B. his C. my D. your