An old man lived in a village. He was one of the rudest people in the world. The whole village was _______ of him, he was always unhappy, he was always complaining and was always in a bad mood. When people tried to cheer him up, he would _______ turn them away.

The longer he lived, the unhappier he became. People _______ from him because his bad mood was contagious(传染性的). It was even unusual and impolite to feel _______ around him. By behaving like this, he made the rest of the villagers feel unhappy as well.

_______ one day--the day he turned 80 years old, in fact--unbelievable thing happened. The villagers said _______ themselves,” The old man is happy today. He hasn’t complained about anything, he is _______, and his face looks kind.” The whole village went to see the old man. One of the _______ asked the old man,“What happened to you?”

“Nothing special has happened. In fact,” The old man said, “For 80 years I’ve been _______ happiness, and it was no use. And then I decided to live without happiness and just enjoy ________. That’s why I’m happy now.”

1.A.full B.tired C.proud D.afraid

2.A.kindly B.loudly C.importantly D.impatiently

3.A.ran away B.went away C.stayed away D.looked away

4.A.happily B.happy C.sadly D.sad

5.A.But B.And C.Unless D.Though

6.A.by B.against C.among D.through

7.A.crying B.smiling C.shouting D.coughing

8.A.villagers B.pioneers C.customers D.passengers

9.A.looking up B.looking at C.looking out D.looking for

10.A.life B.time C.festivals D.birthday

Both native English speakers and non-native speakers find the spelling of English is the most difficult. The English spelling system is not based on a phonetic (语音) link between sounds and letters, as is the spelling of Spanish and some other languages. Instead, English spelling is affected by the historical development of the language. Some words are pronounced in several different ways; similarly, different combinations (结合)of letters can produce the same pronunciation.

The link between sound and spelling in English is not phonetically exact for two main reasons. First, spelling changes did not keep pace with changes in the sound system after the development of printing and of conventions (惯例)for spelling. For example, the k in knife and the gh in right come from the Middle English period (from about 1100 to about 1500) , when they were pronounced as separate sounds. Second, there are some spelling conventions that are based on other languages. For example, during the 16th century the "b" was put into the word doubt. This reflected the Latin word, dubitare, even though the "b” was not pronounced in English.

Two further influences contributed to the illogical system of spelling. When books began to be printed in England, the newly invented spelling system was undermined (逐渐削弱)because nearly all the early London printers were foreign. They were usually paid by the line and often put additional letters into words to earn more. They regularly also added extra letters to the last word of a line to make the whole text look neater. Many of their spelling errors eventually became accepted English spellings.

There have been many attempts (试图,尝试)to reform English spelling. The author and playwright George Bernard Shaw suggested a completely new alphabet, but this had very limited success. American English has developed some of its own spelling conventions, largely as a result of the work of spelling reformer Noah Webster. Webster attempted to get rid of some of the irregularities from the English spelling system and distance American English from British English. Nevertheless, the system as a whole remains particularly complex, and English is widely regarded as having the worst spelling of any language in the world.

1.What is the most difficult for native English speakers and non-native speakers?

2.Why isn't the link between sound and spelling in English phonetically exact?

3.Did the printers often put additional letters into words to get more money?

4.What did Noah Webster do to reform English spelling?

5.What is the passage mainly about?

Mr. Dawson is an old man with bad temper (脾气). And everyone in town knew it. Kids were afraid to go into his yard to pick apples.

One day, 12-year-old Janet and her friend Amy had to walk past Mr. Dawson's house. When Janet saw him outside, she suggested they crossed the street to the other side. But Amy said they didn't need to.

When Mr. Dawson saw Amy, he smiled and said: "Hello, Amy! I see you have a new friend with you today." Amy smiled back and told him that Janet would stay with her that night. Mr. Dawson looked friendly and gave them each a fresh apple. The girls were glad to get them.

Later, Janet asked Amy: "Everyone says he is the most unwelcome person in town. Why was he kind to us?" Amy explained that when she first walked past his house, she was also afraid of him. But she preteneded there was an invisible (看不见的) smile on his face and then started talking to him.

"An invisible smile?" Janet was puzzled "Yes," answered Amy, "My grandma told me to think so. She says smiles can run around. If we keep smiling at someone, sooner or later he will really smile back."

Try to remember this, and you will find that most people can't refuse your smile.

1.Why were kids afraid to go into Mr. Dawson's yard to pick apples?

____________________

2.What did Janet think of Mr. Dawson after getting an apple from him?

____________________

3.Was Amy afraid of Mr. Dawson when she first walked past his house?

____________________

4.Who did Amy learn "an invisible smile" from?

____________________

5.What does the writer advise us to do?

____________________

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