Experts believe that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants, as we know them, have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. That is, there were no places that provided the restaurant experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere.

There were eating places travellers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private cooks. But none of them could be called a “restaurant”.

A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups(汤). On his sign he used the word "restaurant" to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups were considered something that could help "restore"(恢复)your health — in French the word "restore" is “restaurer” — so he called the soups "restaurants". Soon, people started buying Boulanger's soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word "restaurant" to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More "restaurants" opened in France, and people began to buy soups more often.

Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. The United States offered coffee shops. Tea houses became popular throughout China. Paris created beautiful restaurants for the rich. The British began to copy the French, and the restaurant idea spread throughout the British Empire.

Today cities are filled with all types of restaurants. Diners have millions of options from which to choose.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A.How restaurants developed.

B.What made a good restaurant.

C.Who created the first restaurant.

D.Why restaurants became popular.

2.According to the first paragraph, what made restaurants different from earlier eating places?

A.Restaurants only served food.

B.Restaurants were more expensive.

C.Restaurants were mainly in cities.

D.Restaurants had a list of meal choices.

3.Who did Boulanger expect to come and eat at his restaurant?

A.Rich people.

B.Sick people.

C.Travellers.

D.Workers.

4.When it was first used. what did the word "restaurant" refer to?

A.A person.

B.A place.

C.Illness.

D.Soup.

5.When did restaurants begin to grow internationally?

A.In the 1600s.

B.In the 1700s.

C.In the 1800s.

D.In the 1900s.

Martin is quite___________in traveling.He loves to travel to new places and meet new people.He does not like to travel on a package tour (跟团旅行).___________, he would like to buy a guidebook for the place he is going to and search the Internet for information about the main places of interest. He certainly sees more benefits (益处) in traveling this way.

Firstly, Martin doesn't have to pay___________for his trip.Package tours usually___________more because people have to pay for the costs of the travel agency (旅行社) and the tour guide.Secondly he likes the fact that he does not have to wait for the tour group to___________their photos or buy their souvenirs (纪念品).If he has finished what he wants to do, he can leave and move on to the next place once.

However, Martin has had some___________traveling all by himself, Sometimes he feels___________and wishes that he had other travelers with him.Also, going to a different country on his own can be difficult and even_____________at times.Once, Martin was in Africa and he could not speak the language.Someone took away his wallet on the train.Luckily, he wasn't hurt, but he did not get his___________back because the police could not understand him!

Martin has had a few problems in the past,____________he still likes to travel all by himself.

1.A.tired B.sorry C.interested D.happy

2.A.And B.So C.Instead D.But

3.A.much B.money C.anything D.little.

4.A.spend B.pay C.cost D.use

5.A.have B.make C.do D.take

6.A.friends B.interest C.problems D.fun

7.A.1ovely B.nicely C.friendly D.lonely

8.A.funny B.dangerous C.happy D.exciting

9.A.money B.bag C.clothes D.food.

10.A.so B.but C.because D.or

Do you know that animals have love for each other and their children just like us humans? Let me tell you some moving stories of great animal parents.

Several years ago,there was a heavy rain and it made the river go up. When the rain stopped,people found that a dog swam to an island in the river twice a day for two weeks. Why did she do so?Her four children were there. The mother swam there every day to feed her babies. This true story moved many people.

Another story is about chimpanzees(猩猩).A scientist named Jane Goodall spent 14 years living with chimpanzees in Africa. She found that chimpanzees also looked after the hurt or lost ones, “It is not only humans who have duties, animals also do.” she said.

Two birds in Chengdu also showed their parental(父母的)love. Their baby was hurt and fell on the street in the center of the city. Cars were driving past but the brave parents rushed down to the road and took the little bird away with their claws(爪子).

1.After the heavy rain,the mother dog swam to the island ______.

A.to look for food B.to carry things to her owner

C.to move some people D.to feed her babies

2.The scientist found chimpanzees ______.

A.looked after the hurt or lost ones B.often left for a far place

C.always stayed in the same place D.didn’t care about each other

3.From the passage we know ______.

A.dogs like to swim across the river in a heavy rain

B.animal parents love their children a lot

C.mother birds don’t want to save their children

D.all animals want to move people very much

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