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We are all asked to make a speech (发言) at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives us some advice on how to give a good speech.

So, you have to give a speech and you’re afraid. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, and you talk too long and you get your audience (听众) less interested. Later you think, “Thank goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”

Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the reason? Why are you speaking? Then collect as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend a great deal of time organizing your speech so that it is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible and use pictures, charts (图表) if they help you make your points clearer. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect (尊重). They will like listening to you more.

Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience and the reason. Be easy and short. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person communication with your audience.

If you follow these simple steps, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You don’t believe that? Give it a try and see what happens.

How to make a good speech?

Problems

● You feel nervous and don’t remember what you will say.

● You talk too much, making the audience 1..

● Usually, you hope the speech will end as soon as possible.

Steps to take

● Knowing 2. you have to give the speech.

3. much time researching (研究) and having your speech smooth.

● Listing 4. examples and choosing the possible pictures, charts and so on.

● Neither using too difficult words nor looking down on your audience.

Conclusions

● Be well prepared.

● Remember to say something 5..

● It is your personality that will help you communicate with your audience well.

Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation—their young trees?

Professor Simard , forest ecologist( 生态学家) from the University of British Columbia, explains how trees are much more complex(复杂)than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin(达尔文) thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard and her team have made a new discovery and showed just how wrong he was. In fact,the opposite is true: trees survive through their group work and support, passing around necessary nutrition (营养) like Nitrogen (氮) and carbon "depending on who needs it".

Nitrogen and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌) networks, This makes sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神经元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.

Simard talks about "mother trees", These are usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. These “Mother Trees” are connected to all the other trees in the forest by this network of fungi, and may manage the resources of the whole trees and plants in the forest. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down "Mother Trees" without paying attention to these highly complex "tree societies" or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances to save the whole forest.

"We didn't take any notice of it" Simard says sadly. "Mother trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance." If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

1.The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees_______.

A. compete for survival B. protect their own wealth

C. depend on each other D. provide support for dying trees

2."Mother trees" are extremely important because they________.

A. look the largest in size in the forest

B. pass on nutrition to young trees

C. seem more likely to be cut down by humans

D. know more about the complex "tree societies"

3.The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to__________.

A. how "tree societies" work B. how trees grow old

C. how forestry industry develops D. how young trees survive

4.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Old Trees Communicate Like Humans

B. Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection

C. Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think

D. Trees Contribute To Our Society

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