题目内容
(10分)生长素的主要作用是促进细胞纵向伸长,其作用机理如图所示,请回答下列问题:(1)生长素作用的第一步是与细胞膜上的受体结合,形成“激素—受体复合物”,这一过程体现了细胞膜的_________功能。
(2)被激活的“激素—受体复合物”能引起内质网释放Ca2 + , Ca2 +促使细胞内的 H+以 的方式运往细胞外,增加了细胞壁的延展性,使细胞壁对细胞的压力减小,导致细胞吸水、体积增大而发生不可逆增长。细胞在生长过程中体积变化最大的细胞器是________。实验发现,细胞在持续生长过程中,细胞壁的厚度能基本保持不变,出现这种现象的原因是由于_____________(填细胞器)为细胞壁添加了新的成分。
(3) Ca2 +还能激活细胞中的转录因子,它进入细胞核后,能引起____酶催化 mRNA 的合成。
(4)生长素促进根系生长的最适宜浓度要比茎低得多,稍高浓度的生长素能促进乙烯的生物合成,从而抑制了根的伸长,这说明生长素的作用具有__________。
(5)科学家研究发现紫外线可以抑制植物生长,原因是紫外线增加了植物体内吲哚乙酸氧化酶的活性,从而促进了生长素氧化为3—亚甲基氧代吲哚,而后者没有促进细胞伸长的作用。现在提供生长状况相同的健康的小麦幼苗若干作为实验材料,请完成下列实验方案,以验证紫外线抑制植物生长与生长素的氧化有关。
步骤 1 :将小麦幼苗平均分为甲组和乙组。
步骤 2 :给予甲组适宜的可见光光照,给予乙组_______________________光照。
步骤 3 :观察两组幼苗的________________,并测量___________的含量。
预测实验结果: ______________________________________________________。
(1)信息交流(信息传递)
(2)主动运输 液泡 高尔基体
(3) RNA聚合 (4)两重性
(5)步骤2:适宜的可见光 同等强度的可见光和一定强度的紫外线
步骤3:高度(生长状况和高度) 两组植株中3—亚甲基氧代吲哚
预测实验结果:甲组植物生长高于乙组,甲组中3—亚甲基氧代吲哚含量少于乙组解析:
细胞膜有重要的生理功能,它既使细胞维持稳定代谢的胞内环境,又能调节和选择物质进出细胞。细胞膜通过胞饮作用、吞噬作用或胞吐作用吸收、消化和外排细胞膜外、内的物质。在细胞识别、信号传递、纤维素合成和微纤丝的组装等方面,质膜也发挥重要作用。形成“激素—受体复合物”,这一过程体现了细胞膜的信息传递功能。H+是离子,所以以主动运输方式进出细胞,细胞增长过程中,液泡增加速度最快,植物细胞中,高尔基体为细胞壁合成提供成分,催化 mRNA 的合成的是RNA聚合酶,其余详解见答案。
(2)主动运输 液泡 高尔基体
(3) RNA聚合 (4)两重性
(5)步骤2:适宜的可见光 同等强度的可见光和一定强度的紫外线
步骤3:高度(生长状况和高度) 两组植株中3—亚甲基氧代吲哚
预测实验结果:甲组植物生长高于乙组,甲组中3—亚甲基氧代吲哚含量少于乙组解析:
细胞膜有重要的生理功能,它既使细胞维持稳定代谢的胞内环境,又能调节和选择物质进出细胞。细胞膜通过胞饮作用、吞噬作用或胞吐作用吸收、消化和外排细胞膜外、内的物质。在细胞识别、信号传递、纤维素合成和微纤丝的组装等方面,质膜也发挥重要作用。形成“激素—受体复合物”,这一过程体现了细胞膜的信息传递功能。H+是离子,所以以主动运输方式进出细胞,细胞增长过程中,液泡增加速度最快,植物细胞中,高尔基体为细胞壁合成提供成分,催化 mRNA 的合成的是RNA聚合酶,其余详解见答案。
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