Both native English speakers and non-native speakers find the spelling of English is the most difficult. The English spelling system is not based on a phonetic (语音) link between sounds and letters, as is the spelling of Spanish and some other languages. Instead, English spelling is affected by the historical development of the language. Some words are pronounced in several different ways; similarly, different combinations (结合)of letters can produce the same pronunciation.

The link between sound and spelling in English is not phonetically exact for two main reasons. First, spelling changes did not keep pace with changes in the sound system after the development of printing and of conventions (惯例)for spelling. For example, the k in knife and the gh in right come from the Middle English period (from about 1100 to about 1500) , when they were pronounced as separate sounds. Second, there are some spelling conventions that are based on other languages. For example, during the 16th century the "b" was put into the word doubt. This reflected the Latin word, dubitare, even though the "b” was not pronounced in English.

Two further influences contributed to the illogical system of spelling. When books began to be printed in England, the newly invented spelling system was undermined (逐渐削弱)because nearly all the early London printers were foreign. They were usually paid by the line and often put additional letters into words to earn more. They regularly also added extra letters to the last word of a line to make the whole text look neater. Many of their spelling errors eventually became accepted English spellings.

There have been many attempts (试图,尝试)to reform English spelling. The author and playwright George Bernard Shaw suggested a completely new alphabet, but this had very limited success. American English has developed some of its own spelling conventions, largely as a result of the work of spelling reformer Noah Webster. Webster attempted to get rid of some of the irregularities from the English spelling system and distance American English from British English. Nevertheless, the system as a whole remains particularly complex, and English is widely regarded as having the worst spelling of any language in the world.

1.What is the most difficult for native English speakers and non-native speakers?

2.Why isn't the link between sound and spelling in English phonetically exact?

3.Did the printers often put additional letters into words to get more money?

4.What did Noah Webster do to reform English spelling?

5.What is the passage mainly about?

Mike was reading in the garden when his mother came. She pointed to something and asked Mike what it was. Mike felt quite _________, but he told her it was a sparrow(麻雀) and got back into reading.

Several minutes later, his mother pointed to the same sparrow and asked the same question again. Mike got a little angry but _______ answered her questions. After a little while, his mother did the same thing once more. This time Mike could not _______ his anger. He shouted at her for disturbing(打扰) him again and again.

The old lady silently _______ an old diary and showed it to Mike. _______ Mike became a little impatient, he began to read it.

“Today, I was watering the flowers in the garden when little Mike pointed to a _______ on the grass and asked me what it was. I _________ at him, said it was a sparrow and kissed him. Pointing to the same sparrow, little Mike asked me what it was twenty times and I _______ answering his question and kissing him every time.”

Something gently touched Mike’s _______. His face turned red ________ shame for being so impatient to his mother and he hugged(拥抱) her tightly.

1.A.angry B.lonely C.proud D. surprised

2.A.still B.always C.already D.seldom

3.A.show B.leave C.control D.discover

4.A.set out B.took out C.put out D.looked out

5.A.Though B.Because C.While D.As

6.A.fox B.dog C.bird D.rabbit

7.A.threw B.laughed C.shouted D.smiled

8.A.put on B.kept on C.tried on D.depended on

9.A.face B.mouth C.heart D.shoulder

10.A.with B.in C.by D.about

Mr. Dawson is an old man with bad temper (脾气). And everyone in town knew it. Kids were afraid to go into his yard to pick apples.

One day, 12-year-old Janet and her friend Amy had to walk past Mr. Dawson's house. When Janet saw him outside, she suggested they crossed the street to the other side. But Amy said they didn't need to.

When Mr. Dawson saw Amy, he smiled and said: "Hello, Amy! I see you have a new friend with you today." Amy smiled back and told him that Janet would stay with her that night. Mr. Dawson looked friendly and gave them each a fresh apple. The girls were glad to get them.

Later, Janet asked Amy: "Everyone says he is the most unwelcome person in town. Why was he kind to us?" Amy explained that when she first walked past his house, she was also afraid of him. But she preteneded there was an invisible (看不见的) smile on his face and then started talking to him.

"An invisible smile?" Janet was puzzled "Yes," answered Amy, "My grandma told me to think so. She says smiles can run around. If we keep smiling at someone, sooner or later he will really smile back."

Try to remember this, and you will find that most people can't refuse your smile.

1.Why were kids afraid to go into Mr. Dawson's yard to pick apples?

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2.What did Janet think of Mr. Dawson after getting an apple from him?

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3.Was Amy afraid of Mr. Dawson when she first walked past his house?

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4.Who did Amy learn "an invisible smile" from?

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5.What does the writer advise us to do?

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Dear daddy! How’s everything going? It’s been so many days since you went to Wuhan. Do you still remember the day before you left? I remember I saw the luggage (行李) in your bedroom. I asked you, “Are you going to leave on business?” You smiled and put your hand on my head, saying, “I’m just tidying up some clothes.”

Later that night, I learned that you and mom had asked to be sent to Wuhan and were waiting for a phone call. (A) At that moment, I hoped neither of you would get the call. However, your phone still rang. I almost cried out in fear as if I were going to Wuhan myself.

The next morning, I got up early. During breakfast, (B) you smiled and asked me if I would miss you. I pretended (假装) it was no big deal and said, “I can text you whenever I miss you.”

When you were leaving, I waved (挥手) to you until I couldn’t see you anymore. Tears flowed down my face. I later realized it was Lantern Festival. I wrote down “Bon voyage” and “Waiting for you to come back” in my notebook. I knew the people of Wuhan needed you more than I did. At night, mom sent me some photos of you and the rest of the medical team. I immediately found you in the photos. I pointed you out and yelled, “Hey, this is my daddy!” I was so proud of you!

After you left, I paid more attention to the battle against the novel coronavirus. (C)I wondered whether you would take good care of yourself. Daddy, remember to exercise and get enough rest.

We all miss you every day. I love you, my superhero, forever and ever.

1.把文中 (A) 处画线句子翻译成汉语

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2.把文中 (C) 处画线句子翻译成汉语。

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3.写出 (B) 处画线单词指代的内容。

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4.找出能表现作者理解父母的做法的一个句子。

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5.简要概括本文大意。

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