Is there anyone around you who is a short sleeper? A short sleeper is a person who ______ sleeps less than the average member of his age group. His nightly length of sleep is five hours or less. The short sleeper feels good after waking up.

The limited time asleep is ______ to a short sleeper. It is not a behaviour of reducing the amount of sleep or ______ to sleep. This low amount of sleep is very stable (稳定) from night to night. It is also the same on weekends and holidays.

A pattern (模式) of short sleep often begins as a child or young adult. Once it begins, the pattern continues through the years. This pattern of short sleep may cause others to be ______. Family members or friends may think that something is wrong.

Someone may tell a short sleeper to use medicine to help him sleep more. This will make him get sleep that he really does not need. It will bring him more problems. A short sleeper will also have trouble with his family and friends if he expects others to ______ his pattern of sleep. Most people will not be able to do well with only five hours of sleep each night.

Short sleeping can be confused with insomnia (失眠症). Both ______ can cause a person to get a small amount of sleep at night. A person with insomnia has a hard time falling asleep or staying asleep. The overall quality of his sleep may be very poor. This can cause him to be sleepy during the day. The short sleeper does not have any of these problems.

1.A.seldom B.sometimes C.regularly D.recently

2.A.natural B.special C.hard D.amazing

3.A.pretending B.trying C.forgetting D.refusing

4.A.tired B.worried C.angry D.sleepy

5.A.understand B.change C.follow D.remember

6.A.choices B.habits C.illnesses D.conditions

Chinese Fancy Knots

Chinese Fancy Knot

Chinese fancy knots, also called Chinese knots, refer to the traditional decorative knots in Chinese culture. They began as a form of traditional art in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China, and became popular in the Ming Dynasty. Long ago, they found their way to Japan and other Southeast Asian countries, and were well received there. Now they are taken as one of the most classic symbols (标志) of Chinese culture.

As for the name itself, it is surely meaningful. The Chinese word for “knot”, jie, means “connection”. It is related to lots of cultural ideas – marriage, brotherhood, reunion, etc. Meanwhile, the pronunciation of the Chinese word jie is very close to that of ji, “good luck”. As a result, Chinese knots perfectly serve as a way to express people’s strong wishes for good things like joy, love and good luck.

Besides, the knots, widely existing in the everyday life of the Chinese culture, come in different sizes. Small ones are connected to jewellery (珠宝), clothes, gift-packages and furniture in order to attract people’s attention, while large ones are used to decorate a living room or study. Whether large or small, there are over a dozen basic knot patterns ( 图 案 ), named according to their shapes, usages or origins. For example, Double Coin Knots are called shuangqian Jie because they are in the shape of two ancient Chinese coins, meaning “good things come in pairs”. However, almost all the main styles of Chinese fancy knots are made up of two exactly similar parts, and the patterns on the front and the back sides are also similar in every detail.

In addition, Chinese knots are famous for their bright colours. Each of the Chinese knots is made of a single string of cotton, silk, gold or silver. But the colours of the strings are rich and have different traditional cultural meanings. Among the most commonly used base colours, red means good luck and happiness, green means health, and yellow, which was once known as a emperor’s colour, may means wealth and honour.

In brief, the famous Chinese fancy knots fully reflect (反映) the depth of Chinese culture. These brightly coloured knots of different patterns, with their endless chains of knots, mean that life on earth will continue forever.

1.When did Chinese fancy knots become popular?

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2.What does the Chinese character for “knot” mean?

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3.Why do people express strong wishes with Chinese knots?

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4.What are the main points about Chinese knots in Paragraph 3?

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5.What do Chinese fancy knots fully reflect?

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