Everybody hates that feeling when you spend three weeks reading a book, and a month later somebody asks you about it and you can’t remember a thing you read. It makes you wonder why you wasted a couple of hours on the words that didn’t stick.

There are some effective ways to learn. And when I say “to learn effectively”, what I mean is to not just build up knowledge, but to be able to apply(应用)that knowledge effectively at some point in the future. By this definition, most of the courses people spend money on is not learning. Something is not truly learned until it changes you in some way.

1. Memory is based on relevance (相关性)

One of my favorite online book clubs is Mentor Box. What’s cool about the club is not only do they send you books to read, but they send you study materials related to them. The study materials, instead of being like school, where it asks you to repeat information in the book to help memorize it, are designed to help you apply the lessons to various areas of your life.

That’s because memory works based on relevance. We only remember what our brain has considered important to our own lives. If you don’t find a way to make it relevant to you and your well-being in some way, your brain will conveniently forget it.

You can do this on your own. When you come across something interesting in a book, write down its application or relevance to something in your life—how you can use the idea, how it explains something in your past, how it can help with your problems, etc.

2. Reading does not have to be linear

People believe they have to read everything, line by line, one after another. This is not only not true, but it’s often a waste of time and energy.

When you buy a book, you’re not buying the words, you’re buying the useful ideas. The point of a book is to gather the information that is relevant and important to you, not to finish it or to understand every word. What matters is the principle or key idea. Once you’ve received that principle or idea, there’s no reason to feel obligated to sit there and read the rest.

3.Think critically and ask the right questions

Everything you read should be questioned. You should question the writer’s biases(偏见 ), whether they’re explaining information correctly, whether they’re overlooking something. When reading something I agree with, I’ll ask myself, “Is it possible that this could be wrong?” Everything should be taken with a grain of salt, for the simple reason that almost everything is largely uncertain. And it’s the ability to manage those uncertainties effectively that will determine the depth of your knowledge and understanding, not the ability to memorize a lot of facts and numbers.

1.According to the writer, effective learning________.

A.is a practical method to have good feelings

B.helps you explain and remember difficult words

C.happens when knowledge changes you in some way

D.is the main goal of the courses people spend money on

2.What does the writer suggest when we learn something new?

A.Read line by line to receive useful ideas.

B.Repeat and rethink information to deepen our memory.

C.Build connections between books and our personal life.

D.Keep asking questions to understand the writer’s opinions.

3.The underlined word “obligated” probably means “________”.

A.worried B.forced C.relaxed D.interested

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.How to Become A Better Learner

B.How to Memorize Things Effectively

C.Ways of Building Relevance in Your Life

D.The importance of Asking the Right Questions

We all want others to respect us. None of us wants to be disrespected or seen as a bad person. An equally basic truth is that the only way we can get respect is to earn it. At a certain point in the process of growing up, we r1. that life isn't going to give us something for nothing. What is meaningful is what we earn (赢得) t2. trying and working hard.

Take a minute to think about this: Imagine two people. One person has drifted(漂泊) unhappily through his life, putting little e3. into his work and maybe even at times d4.on others. One morning, the telephone rings and someone says to this person.

"C5.!You have just won a million dollars in the state lottery (彩票)""The other person works hard and eventually earns a million dollars. That person is w6. respected by others and has a strong sense of achievement. Which person would you want to be-the one who won a million dollars o7. the one who earned a million dollars?

Probably you would choose to be the person who worked hard, overcame (克服) difficulties and achieved success. If you relate to that person, your aim may be: "I want to respect m8.and have others respect me. To get this respect, I am going to work hard. At this stage in my life, that means doing well in school—it's clearly a key to s9.."

And if you have made mistakes in the past (many of us have), you should tell yourself. "I can change myself. I am going to learn to work hard so that I can get somewhere and be s10.." You need to believe in the saying, "No pains, no gains." The only way to gain respect is by working hard.

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