I've loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as Mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.

Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. "But the desk," she'd said again, "is for Elizabeth." I never saw her anger, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter. They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was too "emotional (另动感情的) ". But she lived "on the surface".

As years passed I had my own family, I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive (原谅) me. I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came. My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest, finally, peace---it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn't be sure that the letter had even got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.

Now the present of her desk told me, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside-a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded (折叠) and refolded many times. Give me the answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.

1.The word “gulf” in the passage means _______.

A. deep understanding between the old and the young.

B. different ideas between the mother and the daughter.

C. free talks between mother and daughter

D. part of the sea going far in land

2.What did mother do with her daughter’s letter asking forgiveness?

A. She had never received the letter.

B. For years. She often talked about the letter.

C. She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in all her life.

D. She read the letter again and again till she died.

3.What’s the best title of the passage?

A. My letter to Mother B. Mother and Children

C. My mother’s Desk D. Talks between Mother and Me

Too many people think that intelligence is a gift of nature and that there is little anyone can do to improve theirs. IQ tests have managed to confuse many of us, leading us to believe that intelligence is largely fixed.

It is not. Just like swimming, cooking, dancing, and many other things, being smart is a skill that requires training. I discovered some of the most important tools to be smart when I watched my professors for years to learn how to do useful research. Now I will share them with you.

Practice self-critical thinking

Critical thinking is the act of questioning the arguments that are put before us. It is a valuable skill — without it, we are too willing to believe what other people say and easily get influenced. The problem is that we usually only apply (应用) critical thinking to other people's ideas. When we apply critical thinking to our own ideas, its power reaches a whole new level. I call this self-critical thinking. If you practice self-critical thinking, you will find imperfection in your arguments before anyone else. And you can come up with a better idea. By practicing self-critical thinking, your mind will surprise you.

Be persistent

Smart and successful people don't give up. They believe that they can do it, so they spent months, even years trying until finally something works out. You might know that Thomas Edison failed thousands of times before he succeeded. Actually, almost all scientists experience failure regularly. So if you want to be smart, be persistent.

Learn to present your ideas

You may have your good ideas, but if you don't sell your ideas, no one will recognize their worth and consider you smart. So you need to learn how to present your ideas. Pronounce clearly, express your thoughts properly. And most importantly, let your enthusiasm (热情) about your ideas shine through. Enthusiasm spreads quickly. When you have something to say, say it well. Selling your ideas is not only good for your reputation (声誉), others can also benefit from your message.

Finally, you must also believe in yourself. Those who appear smarter than you simply have used the right tools to exercise their minds. You are smarter than you think.

1.When we practice self-critical thinking, we _________.

A. are very likely to doubt other people's ideas

B. are willing to believe and accept other people's ideas

C. can easily come up with better ideas than other people

D. can find weak points in our own ideas before other people

2.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Too many people think they can improve their intelligence.

B. Scientists can succeed much more easily than normal people.

C. Pronouncing clearly is the most important skill to express ideas.

D. Others can recognize the value of your ideas, if you sell them properly.

3.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. How to be smart. B. How to argue forcefully

C. How to be successful D. How to do useful research

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