Birth order—does it matter? Are you different because you are the first, second, or third child in your family—or maybe the last of nine?

A study found that first-borns have an average IQ that is three points higher than people who fall into a different place in the birth order, perhaps because first-borns often help younger brothers and sisters, which improves their own skills. In 2007, an international organization of CEOs found that 43% of CEOs are first-borns, 33% are middle children, and 23% are last-borns. First-borns are more likely to be doctors and astronauts and get higher pay.

If first-borns are more successful, last-borns are generally more agreeable. They are also more likely to be funny, possibly to get attention from all the bigger people at the dinner table. Mark Twain and Stephen Colbert were both the youngest in large families, and Jim Carrey was the youngest of four. According to a 2007 Time magazine article, “The power of Birth Order.” last-borns are more likely to be artists and successful businessmen.

Then there are the middle children: we have not ignored (忽视) them! Many middle children are short of one-on-one time with their parents. They often feel short-changed: the oldest gets more rights, and the youngest is spoiled (宠坏的). Though they may be ignored, middle children are more likely to grow into easy-going adults.

Many factors make us who we are, but if the research is correct, birth order may be one of the most important factors.

1.Who is most likely to be a CEO?

A.A first-born. B.A second-born. C.A third-born. D.A last-born.

2.What can we learn about Jim Carrey?

A.He is a middle child. B.He is likely to be serious.

C.He is a successful businessman. D.He is likely to be agreeable.

3.What does the underlined sentence mean?

A.They are usually controlled. B.They are always spoiled.

C.They are often popular at home. D.They are often treated unfairly.

4.What can we learn from the 4th paragraph?

A.Middle children often get more attention from parents.

B.Middle children usually communicate with others well.

C.Middle children are more likely to get on well with others.

D.Middle children are usually famous artists and businessmen.

5.What would be the best title for the text?

A.What makes you powerful B.How you can be a CEO

C.What influence birth order has on you D.How you can grow up

Say you’re sitting around with some friends playing video games and someone mentions a game that happens to be one of your favorites. “Oh, that game’s easy. So not worth the time,” one of your friends says.The others agree. Although you enjoy the game quite a lot, not wanting to argue with them, you go along with the crowd.

You have just experienced what is commonly referred to as peer pressure(同伴压力), also called peer influence. You will adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of a group of your “peers”. As a teen, you are likely to have experienced the effect of peer pressure in a number of different areas.

We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your friends than with your family. As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life.

According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However, when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching. The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry. Just as people can influence us to make unwise choices, they can also influence us to make good ones. A teen might join in a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important. In fact, friends often encourage each other to study, or try out for sports.

While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not is up to us. So when it comes to decision making, the choice is up to you.

1.According to the passage, Dr. Casey probably agrees that teens ____________.

A.like to play driving games with their friends

B.prefer situations where they have time to think

C.may take more risks when their friends are around

D.are slow in making decisions when they are on their own

2.The words “in the heat of the moment” in Paragraph 4 probably mean “_________”.

A.when teens avoid possible risks B.when teens trust their judgment

C.when teens lose control over their anger D.when teens give consideration to situations

3.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Teens are eager to be different from their peers.

B.Peer pressure has effects on both teens and adults.

C.Peer pressure does more harm than good to teens.

D.Tees think it challenging to get good grades at school.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Peer Pressure: Is It Necessary to Deal with It?

B.Peer Pressure: Is It Possible to Get Away from It?

C.Peer Pressure: Its Benefits to Teens and Friend Making

D.Peer Pressure: Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making

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