When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.

People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.

People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.

Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts. Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.

When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.

1.We don’t know that our eyes are of great importance until ________.

A. we think about our eyes

B. we cannot see clearly

C. we wear glasses

D. we have to do much reading

2.According to the passage, a ________ is more likely to be nearsighted.

A. tailor??? B. doctor??? C. guard??? D. painter

3.People who are farsighted ________ .

A. cannot do a lot of close work without glasses

B. can only see things that are very close to their eyes

C. have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arm’s length

D. have the same problem as the nearsighted people

4.To see a small thing at night, it is better to look ________ .

A. with wide open eyes

B. with half shut or narrowed eyes

C. straight at it

D. in a slightly different direction

 

We don’t allow ______in the cinema. But you are allowed ______in the rest room. 

A. smoking, smoking           B. smoke, smoking 

C. smoking, to smoke          D. to smoke, to smoke

 

Except for a few times, Americans are not big present-givers. There’s no exchange of presents among business people, and if one American tries to give another a present, it may look like that he wants to bribe (贿赂) him. Americans have learned that in some other countries people like to give presents to others, but among ourselves we don’t see the need for presents.

Even friends may never exchange presents. When I go to foreign countries, I try to bring back little things for close friends, but nobody would feel unhappy if I didn’t. I don’t often re­member a friend’ s birthday, and few people outside of my family remember mine. If someone gave me presents too often, I’d get unpleasant. But a present from a foreigner — that kind from his or her homeland — won’t go wrong, except to government employees (政府职员) who can’t be given presents.

You usually open a present at once and in front of the person who gives it except Christmas and birthday presents. You should only say, ‘It’s so nice. Thanks…’when you get Christ­mas or birthday presents.

You may want to bring a bottle of wine (葡萄酒) or flowers to a dinner party, but you’re never asked to. Nobody will mind if you bring wine, but your friend may not use it that evening.

At Christmas we often give presents to our family and sometimes our friends. We also give presents to people who have been helpful during the year like doormen, babysitters, housecleaners , newspaper senders — anyone who has often helped us.

1.What do the underlined words ‘close friends’ mean in the passage?

A.The friends who are very kind.

B.The friends who live close to each other.

C.The friends who were once classmates.

D.The friends who you like most.

2.What kind of presents don’t Americans usually open in front of the givers?

A.The small presents

B.Christmas or birthday presents.

C.The expensive presents.

D.The presents for dinner party.

3.Why do Americans also give presents to housecleaners at Christmas?

A.To pay them.

B.To help them.

C.To thank them.

D.To make them work harder.

4.Which of the following do you think is right?

A.American business people don’t want presents because they are rich enough.

B.The writer of this passage must be an American.

C.Everyone must give presents to one’s family and friends at Christmas.

D.Government employees can get little presents from a foreigner.

5.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Present-giving in the United States.

B.Customs (习俗) in the United States.

C.American people and present-giving.

D.When and how to give presents.

 

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