When Dr.Karen McComb came to Amboseli Park, her first task was to learn the names of the one hundred or so elephants most often seen.

Scientists working in the park have learned to study elephants by watching them up close. They have a list of almost one thousand elephants. There are records for all of the elephants born since 1972. Amboseli was a good place for Dr.McComb to study animal communications. Elephants were a great subject because their lifestyle depends on communication.

Dr.McComb and her team had learned a lot about elephant communication, but they kept on thinking about one puzzling(困惑的) watch. Some families were better at distinguishing(区别) calls of friends from those of strangers.

What made some families smarter than others? The scientists searched their records for an explanation. To their surprise, there was only one factor(因素) of importance: The “smartest” families always had the oldest grandmothers. A family, as it did in all other activities, waited for some signal(信号) from the grandmother when they heard a strange contact call. And older, more experienced grandmothers were better at telling whether other elephants were strangers or friends just by their calls.

That was an important discovery. It showed how an elephant family depends on the experience of the grandmother.

回答下面5个问题,每题答案不超过5个词。

1.How do scientists working in the park study elephants?

_________________

2.What did Dr.McComb study?

_________________

3.What did Dr.McComb and her team do for an explanation?

_________________

4.Who does everyone in elephant families listen to?

_________________

5.What does an elephant family depend on in all the activities?

_________________

阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。

Playgrounds offer kids fresh air, friends, and exercise. However, each year, more than 200,000 kids go to hospital because they are hurt in one way or another when playing on the playground. So what can we do to improve the situation(状况)?

We should make sure the playground is safe for the children. It should be soft and thick enough, so when the children fall, they won’t hurt too much. Things like water, rocks or broken glass might cause danger to the kids. Cleaners should check the playground from time to time and clear away these dangerous things. In fact, children themselves also need to help keep the playground clean and safe. That means each time after playing they should pick up the rubbish they’ve produced. If someone finds there is something wrong with the equipment(设施), he should report to the keeper of the playground, so people will come to fix it.

Teaching kids how to play safely is also very important. Kids should know the rules of the playground, so they won’t get hurt easily. For example, they should never push when others are on seesaws or swings. If someone is going to jump off some equipment, he should first look down to make sure no other kids are in the way. Of course, wearing right clothes may also help to keep safe. Clothes with strings (绳) can get caught on equipment which may hurt the kid badly.

In short, our kids can both enjoy themselves and be safe if we are working together to improve the situation.

1.Do many kids get hurt when playing on the playground every year?

2.What things might cause danger to the kids on the playground?

3.Why should kids know the rules of the playground?

4.What kind of clothes can be caught on equipment?

5.What’s the passage mainly about?

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