How has technology made your life easier? When you go to a shopping mall, you can enjoy free Wi-Fi there. (A)When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all of these things can be seen as the first building blocks of a smart city.

The idea of a smart city was first suggested by tech company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a city that uses digital technology, such as 5G networks and the "internet of things", to improve urban planning, save money and resources (资源), and make our lives more convenient. 

Cities like Boston, Amsterdam and Copenhagen are already using smart technology to improve public services. In the US cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash bins can sense (感知) how full they are and tell workers when (B)they need to be cleaned. In Amsterdam, traffic is monitored (监测) and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors around the city. There are fewer traffic jams. 

Smart cities will allow us to save resources. By using sensors and 5G networks to check the usage of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to use these resources more efficiently. For example, water and gas pipes (管道) could remind repair workers when there is a leak (泄漏). Air pollution could be more closely monitored, too.

(C)Of course, it will take time to build the smart cities of the future. But since we've already seen successful examples, it won't be long until more cities join in. Tech Republic estimates (估计) that by 2050, about 60 percent of people worldwide will live in smart cities.

1.把文中(A)处划线句子翻译成汉语。

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2.把文中(C)处划线句子翻译成汉语。

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3.写出(B)处划线单词指代的内容。

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4.写出智能城市所用的数字技术的目的。

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5.用句子或短语简要概况本文大意。

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It was a cool spring morning back in 2009 and I had just started a morning shift as a school crossing guard. Looking out for the children, I suddenly noticed something at sideways. Behind me I first thought it was a small, overweight dog heading towards me. I didn't think much about it, and looked carefully at any approaching children, as well as enjoying the morning sun.

What is wrong with that dog? I thought later on, as I looked back to check on the small dog—it was moving much too fast for itself.

A few minutes later, I felt as if I was being watched, I looked behind me, but the dog had disappeared. Then, as I slowly turned my attention back to the road, I was greatly surprised to see a large koala at my feet and staring right up at me. A number of different solutions crossed my mind. But staying calm was the best. "Are you waiting to cross the road?" I asked the sweet koala. Miss Koala looked away, and scratched (抓挠) behind her ear.

Then it got up on all four feet and impatiently started to cross the road. I quickly checked for any cars, then walked to the road with my stop sign held high, whistle (吹哨) to my lips, and held my breath.

The koala made it to the other side of the street, then continued following the path through the trees and disappeared into bushes.

So why did the koala cross at the school crossing? To safely get to the trees on the other side!

1.Is the writer a school crossing guard or an animal protection volunteer?

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2.Where did the writer notice the little animal?

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3.What did the writer choose among the different solutions?

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4.Which word showed that koala didn't realize the danger when crossing the road?

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5.How did the writer help koala cross the road?

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6.What do you think of the koala cross at the school crossing? Why?

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Every winter people talk about the inconveniences (不便) that snow brings and no one really takes time to fully enjoy it. On the night of the first snow this season I went outside and just stood in it, happily looking up at the dancing snow that greeted me with kisses as they landed on my face.

While people complain about snow, the old saying is completely right in this case: you never know what you have until it's gone. Do you remember the winter two years ago when it hardly snowed and wildfires and drought (干旱) ran across the state the next summers? People should love snow instead of hating it, since if it snows more we'll have more water. Now the drought in California, which has troubled the state since 2011, has been less terrible, because of increased levels of rain and snow throughout the state. Without enough snow, the soil for crops isn't ready for spring, and food prices rise. Without snow, it doesn't feel like the holidays.

I understand why people hate snow. It's cold, it freezes everything and it's hard to drive in. However, there is something beyond these inconveniences. Last winter, half the towns cars were stuck in the snow. The other half were helping. Everyone who wasn't stuck got a tool and stopped to help everyone in need. People at school whom I had never talked to helped me dig out my car. Because of the snow, everyone came together and was filled with holiday spirit.

Here in Utah we should be especially obliged for the snow. Utah is famous for its skiing sports and with the snow come tourists and outdoor fun for ourselves. Even if you can't afford expensive activities such as skiing or snowboarding, there are still snowmen to be built and ice houses to be set up.

Remember: we can't control the weather but we can control our attitudes.

1.How did the author feel on the night of the first snow that season?

A.Worried. B.Surprised. C.Bored. D.Excited

2.What does the author want to show by mentioning California?

A.People there prefer winter to summer. B.The weather there changes frequently.

C.There is more snow in California. D.Snow helps California a lot.

3.What's Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A.The good things coming with snow. B.The inconveniences caused by snow.

C.The reason why some people hate snow. D.The funny activities connected with snow.

4.What does the underlined word "obliged" in Paragraph 4 mean?

A.Prepared. B.Grateful. C.Concerned. D.Careful.

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