阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词。

People spend almost a third of their lives doing one thing—sleeping. Every year, there is a day for people around the world to celebrate the1. (important) of good and healthy sleep—World Sleep Day.

Sleep is like food for the brain. Healthy sleep helps the body and brain grow and develop. People of different ages need different amounts of sleep. It is said that eight hours per night2. (consider) the average amount of sleep. For students aged 10 to 17, a healthy amount is about eight to nine hours per night. However, last year, the China Youth and Children Research Center 3. (report) that about four4. (five) of middle school students didn’t get enough sleep. For some students, they want to sleep early, but they keep 5. (worry) about their schoolwork and can’t fall 6. (sleep) quickly. A lack (缺乏) of sleep can greatly affect (影响) a person’s life. Students who don’t get enough sleep may get poor grades. They cannot pay attention in class or do well in sports.

7. (solve) this kind of problem, scientists advise that students should have

8. (little) schoolwork and more time to sleep. There are some other ways to help people get enough sleep, such as 9. (take) a 20-minute nap (午睡) during the day, trying to go to sleep earlier and so on . Good sleeping habits are also 10. (help). For example, try to go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends and during the day.

In 1971,a plane crashed in the Amazon jungle in Peru. Only one person survived. She was a 17- year-old German girl called Juliane Koepke. When the plane crashed,Juliane fell through the trees and landed on the ground. She did not wake up for a day. When she did,she had a terrible headache and a bad cut on her arm,but she could walk. She stood up and started to look for help,Soon Juliane realized that she was by herself in the jungle. She needed to find her way to a town or village, but how could she do that? She knew that the aeroplane had crashed in the middle of the largest jungle in the world.

Luckily,Juliane knew something about the jungle. Her parents were scientists. They were studying the jungle in Peru,and that is where Juliane grew up. She knew that the most important thing was to find fresh water. When Juliane found a stream,she followed it in the direction that the water was moving. She knew that the stream would become a river,and there were often villages near a river. It wasn't an easy journey for her. She walked for days. She often had to walk or swim through dangerous water full of crocodiles. When the animals attacked her,she fought them with stick.

Rescue planes were looking for people who were still alive after the accident,but after ten days,they decided to give up. They knew that they would never find anybody. Two days later, Juliane Koepke waked out of the jungle,hungry and very tired,but alive.

1.Juliane knew something about the jungle because she .

A. was a very clever German girl

B. read a lot about the jungle from books

C. grew up in Peru where her parents studied the jungle

D. experienced a plane crash before

2.Juliane walked along the stream because .

A. rescue planes were looking for people near the river

B. she knew there were probably villages along the river ahead

C. she wanted to swim through dangerous water full of crocodiles

D. she loved to fight with the crocodiles in the river with a stick

3.The best title for this passage is “ .”

A. A Clever and Brave Girl B. The Largest Jungle in the World

C. A German Girl in Peru D. The Most Important Thing in the Jungle

Every 14 days, another language dies. There are many reasons for this. Some people think more common languages have more economic(经济的)power. Because of this, young people choose to learn a common language as they think it is more useful. Another reason is that some languages aren't written down. Guujaaw is a leader of the Haida Nation, whose people have lived on the Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada, for more than 10, 000 years. Their language is endangered. Traditionally, it wasn’t written down, and, as a result, some people are worried that it will die one day. Guujaaw replies to this, "We talk to each other, listen, visit, and believe in the spoken word. Expressing yourself without writing is natural." However, if Guujaaw's language and others like it are going to stay alive, writing may have to become part of their lives.

When a language dies, a lot of knowledge dies with it. To begin with, language is a huge part of the culture of the people who speak it. Language allows speakers to say certain things: words that describe a cultural idea may not translate exactly into another language. Furthermore, many endangered languages have rich spoken cultures, Stories, songs and histories are passed on from older people to younger generations(一代), Elizabeth Lindsey, an expert in languages, emphasizes(强调) this. “When an elder dies, a library is burned,” she says.

Also, language death affects our knowledge about nature. Local people often have a deep understanding of plants, animals, and the relationship between them. David Harrison, a researcher on endangered languages, reflects, “80% of plant and animal species(物种)have been undiscovered by science. But that doesn’t mean they're unknown to humans.”

Many languages are endangered. However, it s not too late. Children often grow up speaking two languages. "No one ..becomes richer by giving up… one language to learn another,” Harrison said. If children feel both languages are important, they will use both. So, it is necessary that children realize how useful their local language is.

1.How many reasons are mentioned for endangered languages in Paragraph 1?

A. 2 B. 3. C. 4 D. 5.

2.In Paragraph 2, the writer mainly tells us_____.

A. how cultures are passed on B. how cultures are discovered

C. why languages are written down D. why languages are important to cultures

3.The underlined word "affects" in the passage means “_______”.

A. waits for B. depends on

C. is different from D. has an influence on

4.Which of the following is the writer's opinion?

A. People need to use common languages more often.

B. The spoken word is more important than the written word.

C. Children are the hope to stop the local language from dying.

D. Many animals and plants are in danger because of dying languages.

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