题目内容

When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think "I'm going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!" But however determined (有决心的) we are. Chances are that we don't stick to our promise.

This behavior is called "bedtime procrastination (拖延症) , and results from lack of (缺乏) self-control and our body clock. Reported Huffpost.

According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands (荷兰)in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the2, 400participants (参与者)said they didn't follow their sleep schedule (日程) , delaying (延迟) it at last twice a week.

It's found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn't stop doing other trivial (琐碎的) things, which were keeping them up in he first place.

"People who generally have trouble fighting against temptations (诱惑) and sticking to their intentions (意图) are also more likely to delay going to bed, "Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.

Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame (责备) . Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bedtime.

In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Um University in Germany studied the sleep patterns (模式)of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.

And more surprisingly, night owls (夜猫子) would go to bed late at the very beginning of the weekday, even though they had to get up early for work and school. It's their special body cock that plays a part in delaying their bedtime, reported Popular Science.

1.What does the underlined word "postpone" in Paragraph 7 probably mean?

A.make changes about B.forget about C.put away D.put off

2.What did the study by Utrecht University find?

A.53 percent of the participant delay their bedtime every day.

B.The lack of self-control is the only reason for bedtime procrastination.

C.Bedtime procrastination is particularly common among the Dutch

D.They delayed bedtime because they kept doing trivial things.

3.What's the best title of this passage?

A.A common problem B.A study carried out by psychologists

C.Bedtime procrastination D.Our special body clock

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How can you tell when Valentine’s Day(情人节) is coming? All those heart-shaped chocolate boxes in the store are a good clue(线索). So are those boxes actually shaped like the heart inside your body?

In fact, your heart is not shaped like a heart. It looks more like a peach. It is about the size of your fist(拳头). In most cases, it is in the left of your chest(胸口). The human heart weighs about 250 grams. When a man is in a quiet state, his heart beats about 70 times a minute. When a person does very hard exercise, his heart beats can reach 150 to 180 times each minute.

The heart is one of the most important organs(器官) in the human body. It is made up of four “rooms”. When your heart contracts, the “rooms” get smaller. The main function (功能)of the heart is to provide pressure for blood flow and run blood to all parts of the body. When your heart relaxes, blood will come back into your heart and “rooms” get bigger.

Your heart keeps pumping blood throughout your body. It transports important nutrients to all the areas of your body. The health of the heart is very important to us. Please take care of your heart. Do you agree with my opinion?

1.When ________ is coming, many heart-shaped chocolate boxes will be put in the store.

A.the Mid-Autumn Day B.National Day

C.the Tomb-Sweeping Day D.Valentine’s Day

2.The human heart is shaped like ________ .

A.a heart-shaped chocolate box B.a room

C.a peach D.a fist

3.In most cases, your heart is in the ________ of your chest.

A.left B.right C.middle D.lower part

4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Your heart is about as big as your fist.

B.The heart is an important organ in the human body.

C.Heart beats about 140 times a minute when you are quiet.

D.There are four “rooms” in a human heart.

5.The writer writes the passage in order to ________ .

A.tell us the shape of our heart B.show us the function of our heart

C.explain how big our heart is D.ask us to look after our heart

自律, 即自我约束, 是自我提升的一种途径, 有助于我们成长, 促使我们不断前行。某英文网站正在开展以"自律"为主题的征文活动。今年因为疫情, 我们过了一个超长寒假, 在寒假里我们停课不停学, 谈谈假期里你是如何自律的。你做过什么, 以及这样做给你带来的好处。

学习方面

1. 制定学习计划, 养成早读语文和英语的习惯

2. 按时上网课, 复习所学内容, 及时上交作业

身体方面

1. 每天锻炼……

2. 保持健康的饮食结构…….

带来的好处

1. 现在各门学科都进展顺利

2. …

要求:必须包括所有要点并适当补充, 语句通顺, 意思连贯:字数:100词左右

When the winter holiday came to an end, we didn't go back to school. We had o take online courses at home because of the novel coronavius outbreak. So self-discipline (自律) plays an important role in our life.

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Bacterial Quorum Sensing

Bacteria(细菌)play an important role in our lives. They can keep us alive as well as make us sick. It wasn’t until fairly recently that we learned bacteria can communicate with one another.

In the 1960s, researchers found that a kind of bacteria called Vibrio fischeri(费氏弧菌) produced no light when they were alone, but that they exhibited great amount of light as the bacterial population grew to a certain number. How did this happen? How can Vibrio fischeri tell the difference between times when they’re alone and times when they’re in a community, and then all do something together?

Researchers found they talk to each other with a chemical language—signal molecules(信号分子). Vibrio fischeri makes signal molecules, and it also has a receptor on its surface that fits like a lock and key with a signal molecule. As the bacteria increase, more and more signal molecules are sent into the environment. When signal molecules increase to a certain amount, they lock down into those receptors and information comes into the bacteria, which tells them how many neighbors there are. As soon as they realize the population has hit the certain number, all of the bacteria behave as a group, making light together. In the past ten years, researchers have found all bacteria have systems like this: they make and recognize chemical words, determine(判断)the size of the community, and carry out tasks that would be unsuccessful if a single one were to act alone. This process is called quorum sensing.

Most of the time, bacteria live with thousands of other species (种类)of bacteria. There has to be a language of interspecies communication. In fact, bacteria have another kind of signal molecule, which is the common language used by all species. Moreover, this kind of molecule has its own receptor. In this way, bacteria are able to count different populations, and then they decide what task to carry out depending on which species has the greatest population.

Knowing how bacteria communicate could influence how we fight disease. What if bacteria can’t talk or hear? They won’t recognize when there are enough bacteria and when to exhibit the group behavior to make us sick. Researchers are developing a method—to make molecules that look like the real ones and then they lock into the receptors to jam recognition of the real situation.

On the other hand, researchers also improve the conversation of the beneficial bacteria, so they can do things that we want them to do better than they would do on their own.

1.According to the passage, what can we learn about quorum sensing?

A.Quorum sensing may happen when there is only one Vibrio fischeri.

B.Signal molecules are kept away from receptors during quorum sensing.

C.Most bacteria have similar systems to make light during quorum sensing.

D.Bacteria carry out a group task when their population hit a certain number.

2.What can we learn from the passage?

A.The more species there are, the more group actions bacteria will take.

B.In different environments, bacteria have different interspecies languages.

C.Beneficial bacteria communicate better by themselves than harmful ones.

D.To fight disease, researchers try to turn off the communication between harmful bacteria.

3.The passage is mainly about ________.

A.why bacterial population grows B.how bacteria communicate with each other

C.which bacteria help fight disease D.what scientists do to find quorum sensing

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