题目内容

如图所示,OB为一轻质杠杆,O为支点,OA=0.3m,AB=0.1m,将重30N的物体悬挂在B点,当杠杆在水平位置平衡时,在A点至少需加多大的拉力?这是一个 “省力” 杠杆还是“费力”杠杆?  
A点至少需加40 N的拉力;费力杠杆

试题分析:杠杆在水平位置平衡,力竖直作用在杠杆上,力臂在杠杆上,力臂最大,用力最小.物体阻碍杠杆逆时针转动,拉力要促使杠杆逆时针转动,所以拉力要竖直向上.分析动力臂和阻力臂,知道阻力、阻力臂、动力臂,根据杠杆平衡条件求出动力.根据动力臂和阻力臂大小判断是省力杠杆,还是费力杠杆.由  F1· L1=F2·L2
                 F ·OA= G ·OB
OB= OA+ AB=0.3m+0.1m)="0.4" m
F= G ·OB/ OA
              ="30" N× (0.3m+0.1m)/ 0.3m
="40" N
∵ 40 N大于30N
∴ 费力杠杆
点评:本题容易把AB看成阻力臂,一定要明确力的作用线到支点的距离才是力臂.
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