19、 

When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand． And then, you should say, “Excuse me．”

This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this． Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth． One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible． If not, they will be passing those germs （细菌） along to everything and everyone they touch．

If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door． If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first, then you can walk through． If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through．

After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students． Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go along way toward helping students realize hot to be polite and thank others． Once they’ve been told, they’re halfway there．

When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right． That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs． When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter．

After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways． I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan． In both places, people made efforts to make way for others． On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left． On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter．

1． When you cough or sneeze, you should ________．

       A． touch everything                                     B． cover your mouth

       C． point out to the kids                                D． pass the germs to others

2． If you come to a door and someone is following you, you’d better _______．

       A． hold the door                                       B． pass through

C． close the door                                      D． stand to the side

3． From the passage we ca know the writer is a ________．

       A． doctor                 B． traveler               C． parent                 D． teacher

4． A． The passage is mainly about ______．

       A． the rules of behavior in public                   B． the easy of communication

       C． the acts of kindness among people            D． the knowledge of social life

18、It’s 2009．You feel sick, so you go to the doctor．She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what you’ve been thinking about lately． When you leave，she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to practice daily． She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness．

Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it．You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system（神经系统）．Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body．

Stress（压力，紧张） is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life．Of course, everybody has stress more or less; nobody’s life is perfect．In fact, stress is necessary． Without stress, we would never learn anything or grow or change．We would probably be bored to death．But too much stress can hurt you． It can weaken your body’s protection so that you are more likely to catch diseases．It can even make you more likely to have an accident．

When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline（肾上腺素）．Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heartbeat． Today you have a different kind of stress．Problems like endless homework or troubles with your family are the kind of things you can’t fight or run away from, so you don’t use up all that adrenaline．It just stays bottled up inside you, and that’s what can do something bad to you．

What can you do about stress? First, you can try to find ways to change things so you aren’t under so much stress．You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends．But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation．Sometimes you don’t even want to． A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful．

The link（关联） between your body and brain works in two ways．Your body can help your mind deal with stress．If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body．It’s important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals．Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day．Another thing that you can do is daily exercise． If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, you give your body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline．Of course, a person who isn’t used to much physical activity should start slowly．Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before staring any exercise programs．

1． A psychologist is a person who may help you with your ______．

       A． illness and abilities                                     B． thoughts and behaviour

       C． mind and nervous system                          D． physical activity and daily exercise

2． Which of the following is true according to the passage?

       A． You shouldn’t go to the gym if you are under stress．

       B． One can do his homework to burn up adrenaline．

       C． Diseases and accidents are caused by stress．

       D． Everyone needs stress to improve himself．

3． From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that ________．

       A． it’s difficult to change a stressful situation

       B． it’s not stressful when a good change takes place

       C． a big change will cause another stressful situation

       D． a stressful situation can’t be changed without any effort

4． What is probably the best title for this passage?

       A． The body-Brain Link                                 B． The Causes of Stress

       C． The Advice on Health                                D． The Nervous System

16、Mr. Wang is very friendly, and ______ like him very much．

A． we              B． us           C． our            D． ours

15、–––______ won the 100th gold at the Olympics for China?

–––Zhang Yining, she’s from Beijing．

A． Who            B． What           C． When             D． Where

14、Einstein, the famous scientist, was born _______ March, 1892．

A． at                B． on               C． in                D． to

13、Money is important _____ it’s not the most important thing．

A． and             B． but              C． or               D． so

12、My sister has two skirts．One is yellow, _____ is black．

A． other            B． another              C． others               D． the other