英语句子中(尤其在口语中)常插入一些单词、短语或者句子,用来补充某些含义。语法上称他们为“插入语”。
(一)插入语的类型:
1、单词(多是副词),如:besides, however, otherwise, therefore, though等。
e.g. She is looking fit, though. 他看起来倒是健康。
I can, however, discuss this when I see you.
5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。
e.g. The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但后面的语序有变化(参见“倒装句”有关部分)
3、在某些状语从句中,从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可省去“主语 + be”部分。(参看“状语从句”有关部分)
2、不定式符号to的省略
①、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。
e.g. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
②、某些使役动词(如let, make, have)及感官动词(如see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等)后面作宾语补足的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须把to复原。
e.g. ---- I saw the boy fall from the tree. ---- The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
③、介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to。
e.g. The boy did nothing but play.
1、连词that的省略:
①、宾语从句中常省略连词that,但也有不能省略的情况(参看“名词性从句”等有关部分)。
②、在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略。
③、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。
2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分,用so或not(切不可用it或that)代替。
e.g. ---- Is he coming back tonight? ---- I think so.
---- Is he feeling better today? ---- I’m afraid not.
这种用法常见的有:How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。(但I don’t think so比I think not更常用)。
(四)其它省略
1、主句中有一些成分被省略。
e.g. (I’m) Sorry to hear that you are ill.
(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.
(二)并列句中的省略
两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
(三)主从复合句中的省略
5、同时省略几个成分。
e.g. Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
---- Have you finished your work? ---- (I have) Not (finished my work) yet.