2.陈述句(statements):

  (1)He said,”I like it very much.”

(2)Tom said to me,”I broke your CD player.”

直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中可省略),从   句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等要做相应变化.

1)人称的变化:

(1)He said,”I like it very much.”

  He said that he liked it very much.

(2)Tom said to me,”I broke your CD player.”

Tom told me that he had broken my CD player.

2)时态的变化:

主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态上要做相应的变化.如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态无须变化.

(1)一般现在时一般过去时:

He said,”I am afraid I cannot finish the work.”

He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish

 the work.

(2)现在进行时过去进行时

He said,” I’m using the knife.”

He said that he was using the knife

(3)现在完成时过去完成时

She said,”I’ve not heard from him since May.”

She said that she had not heard from him since May.

(4)一般过去时过去完成时

He said ,”I came to help you.”

He said that he had come to help me.

(5)过去完成时不变

He said,”I had finished my homework before supper.”

He said that he had finished his homework before supper.

(6)一般将来时过去将来时

She said,” I’ll do it after class.”

She said that she woukd do it after class

3)指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词的变化.

(1) She said, “ I’ll finish the work this morning.”

She said that she would finish the work that morning.

(2)He said, “These books are mine.”

He said that those books were his.

(3)He said, “It’s nine now.”

He said that it was nine then

(4)He said,’I haven’t seen her today.”

He said that he hadn’t seen her that day

(5)She said,”I went there yesterday.”

She said that she had gone there the day before.

(6)She said,” I ‘ll go there tomorrow.”

She said that she would go there the next/following day.

将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序(主语在谓语前面时),句末用句号,主语的人称,时态和状语要相应变化。

(7)She said,’He left 30 minutes ago.”

She said that he had left 30 minutes before.

(8)He said,” My sister was here one week ago.”

He said that his sister had been there one week before.

(9)She said .” I’ll come here this evening.”

She said that she would go there that evening.

He said,”Light travels much faster than sound.”

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

注:直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。

注: 如果在当地转述,here不必改成there,动词come也不必改成go

2)疑问句(questions)

(1)一般疑问句:直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词whether 或if 引导。主句谓语动词是said 时,要改为asked.没有间接宾语的,可加一个间接宾语(me,him,us等)。

(1)He said,”Are you interested in English?”

He asked (me)if I was interested in English.

(2)He said,” Did you see him last night?”

He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before.

2)特殊疑问句:

“What can I do for you?”he asked me.

2。读材料,思考:

1896年,第1届奥运会召开前,国际奥委会曾通过法国驻华使馆向清政府发出邀请。但当时的清政府正处于内忧外患之中,对体育事业毫不关心,所以没有应邀参加。1932年,第10届奥运会在美国洛杉矶举行,国民党政府派刘长春为运动员代表中国参加奥运会。刘长春在100米、200米预赛中位于小组的第五、六名,未能取得决赛权,但他以我国第一位参加奥运会的选手而留名于中国奥运史。

   1984年洛杉矶奥运会上,中国实现了我国奥运史上"零的突破"。当时的国际奥委会主席萨马兰奇亲自颁奖,说:“这是中国体育史上最伟大的一天,我为能够亲自将这块金牌授给你们而感到荣幸。”美国奥委会主席威·西蒙所言:“中国从神秘的帷幕之后走出来,以一个长期睡梦觉醒的巨人的姿态突然出现在奥运会上……”。2001年7月13日,北京获得2008年奥运会举办权。 

思考:①中国奥运史上的第一枚金牌是由谁摘取的?

②为什么新旧中国在奥林匹克体育运动上存在如此之大的差距?

答案:①许海峰

②旧中国连年战乱,政治腐败,经济凋敝,国力虚弱,奥林匹克运动发展得极为缓慢。新中国成立以来,社会安定,经济逐步发展,尤其是改革开放以来经济的巨大变化,为我国体育事业的发展奠定了坚实的经济基础,其次由于我国政府对体育运动的充分重视,群众性的体育运动提高了人民体质,使我国体育竞技水平不断提高。

[知能互动]

        主旋律:讴歌党领导的人民革命,颂扬社会主义革命和建设

    文学艺术            小说:《  》《  》《  》《   》《  》    

1.“两弹一星”   

“两弹一星”是指原子弹、导弹、卫星。1964年10月16日,我国在西部地区成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹。我国第一颗原子弹试爆成功,震惊了世界。中国不仅加强了国防力量,更是打破了美国为首的帝国主义国家的核垄断。1958年,当邓稼先接受研制我国第一颗原子弹的任务时,外国人嘲讽说:“在原子的领域里,你们中国人的大脑里是真空的。”的确是这样,当时中国还没有这方面的研究,资料缺乏。但邓稼先挑选了二十多位新毕业的大学生,组建成中国第一批研制原子弹的队伍。他们经过两年多的努力,终于奇迹般地模拟出原子弹爆炸的全过程。在广大科技人员的艰苦奋斗下,进行了上千次试验,研制出了两万多台关键性的设备,终于研制成了我国第一颗原子弹。

我国在研制原子弹的同时,也进行导弹的研制工作。1964年,我国自己研制的中近程地地导弹飞行试验成功后,又经过两年努力,1966年10月,装有核导弹头的中近程地地导弹试飞成功。现在我国还拥有洲际导弹。这样,我国有了实战的核导弹,这就大大加强了国防力量。

关于人造地球卫星,早在50年代,毛泽东就提出“我们也要搞人造卫星”。我国的航天技术就从无到有、从小到大地发展起来,1970年4月24日,我国用长征号火箭,成功地发射了第一颗人造地球卫星──东方红1号。这颗卫星重173公斤,比苏联、美国、法国、日本四国第一颗卫星重量的总和还要重,这表明我国的卫星技术达到世界水平。东方红卫星发射上天进入轨道后,运行良好,卫星飞绕地球一周只需114分钟,卫星上不断播放《东方红》乐曲,声音清晰嘹亮。以后我国又多次发射人造地球卫星和实用通信卫星。

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