摘要： What is the man doing in the conversation? A. Borrowing sugar and making an invitation. B. Learning something. C. Making a visit. 请听第8段材料.回答第11至13题.

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Slow parenting means parenting children in the contact of nature without any interference (干预) of materialistic influence. We can also term it as “self-raising”. In slow parenting children are allowed to do what they think proper and parents just keep a watch over the child. Curiosity of the child leads to exploring and discovering things. Parents provide little help only when it’s too necessary, otherwise keep themselves away from the child and just have a look on him/her: This brings about a feeling of self-dependency and they are encouraged to solve their problems.
This is a natural way of learning. When a child is left to learn in a natural environment, the child’s natural development takes place. Influence of any materialistic way doesn’t let the mind develop naturally. Watching TV, playing video games or joining classes of dance, swimming or any other sports will not let the mind develop naturally.
Here creativity of their mind is developed. They explore ideas. The logic behind this is that the kids of animals learn by nature, so can our kids. So let our children play in the garden, to watch flowers, plants, birds, butterflies and other gifts of nature. In the classes of dance, swimming etc. their creativity is influenced and their natural creativity is suppressed (压制). In these classes they are overburdened and can’t train their creativity. So let them play in the open air or garden without any burden instead of joining classes.
Generally parents give toys to their children and explain how to operate them. But those parents who believe in slow parenting give toys and observe how the children are managing them. Their skill to learn and understand comes out. Maybe the process is slow, but it will be their exploration, which will make them self-dependent, and self-capable to learn.

  1. 1.

    In slow parenting, parents ______.

    1. A.
      set limits to what their children do
    2. B.
      keep a close watch over their children
    3. C.
      give the whole directions to what their children do
    4. D.
      give their children freedom to do what they think proper
  2. 2.

    What is the main advantage of slow parenting according to the passage?

    1. A.
      Arousing children’s curiosity.
    2. B.
      Helping children to be independent.
    3. C.
      Making children interested in exploring nature.
    4. D.
      Keeping children away from materialistic influence.
  3. 3.

    We can infer from the third paragraph that______.

    1. A.
      children should join some classes
    2. B.
      slow parenting should be done in a logical way
    3. C.
      exploring nature is a good way of slow parenting
    4. D.
      children can’t learn by nature like the kids of animals
  4. 4.

    What is the passage mainly about?

    1. A.
      Slow parenting and its advantages.
    2. B.
      Different parenting styles.
    3. C.
      The requirements of slow parenting.
    4. D.
      The author’s opinion on slow parenting.
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When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.
Certainly, most of the world’s great religions (宗教) order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally (道德方面) right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.
First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil (恶行). Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.
Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.
It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take sway the moral goodness of the giver

  1. 1.

    What is mainly discussed in the passage?

    1. A.
      Moral deeds of people
    2. B.
      Religious activities of the church
    3. C.
      Moral goodness of the giver
    4. D.
      Arguments on giving to beggars
  2. 2.

    What can we infer from the sentence “But has the world changed?” in the second paragraph?

    1. A.
      People no longer know who suffers misfortune in the village
    2. B.
      Some people will not do what was morally right in the past
    3. C.
      We don’t meet with those who need help any more
    4. D.
      Now it is the government’s duty to help the beggars
  3. 3.

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

    1. A.
      Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars
    2. B.
      Some beggars want money to help their children go to school
    3. C.
      Some beggars use the money to buy drugs
    4. D.
      Some beggars have no excuse for begging
  4. 4.

    In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion, because       

    1. A.
      the cases can be so different
    2. B.
      there are so many beggars
    3. C.
      there is so much money wasted
    4. D.
      there are so many different arguments
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Vitamin E supplements(补充品)，which millions take in the hope of longer, healthier lives, may do more harm than good, researchers reported on Wednesday.?
In fact, people taking high doses(剂量)of vitamin E may in some cases be more likely to die earlier, although the reasons are not clear, said Dr. Edgar Miller of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, who led the study.“I think people take vitamin E because they think it is going to make you live longer, but this(study)doesn’t support that.”Miller told reporters.?
Miller and colleagues re?analyzed 19 studies of vitamin E and health between 1993 and 2004. The tests involved more than 136,000 mostly elderly patients in North America, Europe and China. People who took 200 international units of vitamin E a day or more died at a higher rate during the study, which lasted three years, than people who did not take supplements, they told a meeting of the American Heart Association.“It’s about a 5 percent increased risk at 45 years in the tests combined together，”Miller said.“That doesn’t sound like a lot but if you apply it to 25 percent of the (U.S.)adult population taking vitamin E, that is significant.”?
Miller, whose findings are also being published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine, said two?thirds of people who take vitamin E supplements take 400 IU or more.“We don’t think that people need to take vitamin E supplements, which they can get enough from the diet,”he said. Nuts, oils, whole grains and green leafy vegetables are all rich in vitamin E.?

  1. 1.

    People take vitamin E supplements, hoping that________.?

    1. A.
      they can lose weight easily?
    2. B.
      they may live a longer and healthier life?
    3. C.
      they can get more and more beautiful?
    4. D.
      they no longer need any medicine
  2. 2.

    The following statements can give us information about Miller EXCEPT_________.?

    1. A.
      Miller and his team based their research on 19 cases of vitamin E and health between 1993 and 2004?
    2. B.
      Miller thinks it unnecessary for people to take vitamin E supplements?
    3. C.
      Miller supposes it impossible for people to get enough vitamin E from their diets?
    4. D.
      Miller played an important role in the tests conducted by the researchers
  3. 3.

      Which of the following contains rich vitamin E??

    1. A.
      Nuts.
    2. B.
      Whole grains.?
    3. C.
      Green leafy vegetables.
    4. D.
      All of the above.
  4. 4.

    What is this text mainly about??

    1. A.
      It is reported in a study that vitamin E may do more harm than good to people to live longer and get healthier.
    2. B.
      Dr.Edgar Miller and his colleagues studied many cases of vitamin E and health.?
    3. C.
      Dr.Edgar Miller advises that people should not depend on vitamin E supplements for longer and healthier lives.
    4. D.
      People who took 200 international units of vitamin E a day or more died at a higher rate than people who did not take supplements.
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What is freedom? It seems like such a simple question. Freedom is being able to do what you want to do. Allow me to explain it.
I’m tired of working for a living. I’d rather collect taxes. So that’s what I’m going to do: collect a kind of tax. You are ordered to estimate your income from the past 12 months, and write me a check for 1%. I have provided a mailing address for this purpose on my contact page …
What? You have a problem with my plan? Oh, I see. If you have to send me a check for the tax, then I have hurt your freedom to spend that money as you see fit. We have a conflict! And our basic problem is: we cannot enjoy freedom at the same time; we must settle for a limit. But what limit?
Libertarians (自由论者) believe freedom should be based on self-control. They describe freedom as being able to do what you want to do as long as it doesn’t influence the equal right of others to do what they want to do. That is, freedom is being able to do what you like as long as you do not harm another person’s life, liberty or property.
You can build a set of legal and ethical (道德的) rules on the principle of self-control, and libertarians do. Their request for self-control often becomes more important than common sense, or even freedom itself.
The definition rules out the freedom to steal, murder, and so on. Otherwise, you can do whatever you want. There is no problem until you realize that taxation is theft, that war is murder, and that national service is a form of slavery. Since only the government has a legal right to use force, libertarians focus on making the government smaller, or even going without it. The libertarians’ definition of freedom is thus freedom from the government. Isn’t it ridiculous?

  1. 1.

    According to the first three paragraphs, the author’s idea of collecting taxes is _________.

    1. A.
      reasonable
    2. B.
      responsible
    3. C.
      unacceptable
    4. D.
      understandable
  2. 2.

    The author takes tax-collecting as an example in the passage to prove that freedom is _________.

    1. A.
      unreal
    2. B.
      unbelievable
    3. C.
      achievable
    4. D.
      limited
  3. 3.

    In the opinion of libertarians, freedom is realized mainly by _________.

    1. A.
      the law
    2. B.
      self-control
    3. C.
      ethical rules
    4. D.
      common sense
  4. 4.

    Which of the following statements is supported by libertarians according to the passage?

    1. A.
      National service should be canceled.
    2. B.
      People can do whatever they want.
    3. C.
      The government should have more power.
    4. D.
      They should be governed by the government.
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Cities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make crosswalks safer for people on foot, especially seniors and children who need more time to cross streets.
A pedestrian is killed in a traffic accident in the USA every 110 minutes；one is injured every nine minutes, according to official date. Crosswalk can be especially dangerous for the elderly. Among people 70 and older, 36% of pedestrian deaths in 2006 occurred in crosswalks, compared with 21% of those younger than 70, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.
The Federal Highway Administration（FHWA）advises that next year states increase by nearly 15% the amount of time traffic lights provide for pedestrians to cross the street after the flashing orange hand appears .
FHWA spokesman Doug Hecox says reasons for the change include an aging population that needs more time to cross, health-conscious Americans walking more, children encouraged to walk to prevent getting overweight and high gas prices pushing people to walk instead of drive.
Pedestrian deaths went down by 12% from 5,449 in 1996 to 4,784 in 2006. But among those in 2006, 471 were killed in crosswalks, down slightly from 488 ten years earlier, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) says.

  1. 1.

    Which of the following is true according to the text?

    1. A.
      Among 100 pedestrian deaths there were 21 people younger than 70.
    2. B.
      Old people are more likely to meet with accidents in crosswalks.
    3. C.
      Traffic accidents killed more old people than young people.
    4. D.
      About seven traffic accidents happened per hour.
  2. 2.

    What is FHWA’s suggestion to states?

    1. A.
      Fixing more traffic lights.
    2. B.
      Providing more crosswalks.
    3. C.
      Giving pedestrians more time to cross streets.
    4. D.
      Increasing the time before the orange lights appear.
  3. 3.

    What’s the cause of the crosswalk safety problem according to the test?

    1. A.
      There’re many cars and buses on the road.
    2. B.
      Pedestrians are careless.
    3. C.
      Crosswalks are crowded.
    4. D.
      Drivers don’t give way.
  4. 4.

    The report from NHTSA suggests that             

    1. A.
      fewer people were injured in crosswalks
    2. B.
      crosswalk safety has been greatly improved
    3. C.
      much has been done to reduce traffic accidents
    4. D.
      pedestrian deaths in crosswalk remain a serious problem
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