DACCD　 ADCCC　 DCA　 DAB　 view; kitchen; privacy; bedroom

6. 是我们采取有效措施保护更多的野生动物免于灭绝的时候了。 (It…)

Key：

5. 虚拟现实游戏能使玩游戏的人暂时忘记现实生活中的所有烦恼。(enable)

5. 校长决定以这个英雄来命名这幢新建的大楼。(name)

3. 据说这种电子衣服可以监测人的心跳及呼吸。(monitor)

2. 他不可能在没有这些必须的仪器的情况下做这个实验。(conduct)

1. 这个饭店不太注重细节，所以开张后两年就关门了。(close down)

E

Many young people are excited by their first weeks on a new job. For others, this early period is disappointing. Some difficulties may be caused by the individual’s lack of information and preparation. Often, unpleasant surprises result from the unreal expectations aroused during the recruiting (招聘) process. Recruiters and interviewers overstate the attractiveness of a job to gain a large number of candidates. Applicants overstate their abilities and understate their needs to improve their chances of getting the job. At the same time, they may fail to study the company to which they are applying. Thus, each side offers a mixed bag of truth-all likely to cause problems when those hired begin to work.

　　　 The problem of over expectations can exist for anyone, but it may be especially severe for those young graduates who have done particularly well in their studies and/or have graduated from famous business school. They have been used to fast, regular feedback on their performance and to the atmosphere of the university. They expect to find the same conditions on their new job. But once on the job, they think their skills and abilities unused.

　　　 An individual whose expectations are inconsistent (不一致) with the realities of a new job is not likely to develop an effective and satisfying work role in the company. Edgar Schein found that almost 75% of the interviewed graduates changed jobs at least once over a five-year period. He also found that within five years, most companies lose over half of the college graduates they hire. Schein thinks that this is caused by the difference between the graduates’ expectations and the realities of the company. Similarly, in his study of a small group of American business school graduates working in South America, Schein found that job continuation and satisfaction were related to how closely the graduates’ original expectations matched the realities of their jobs.

79. That some young people are disappointed during their first weeks on a new job may be 　 caused by ___________.

A.　　 their over excitement

B.　　　 new working conditions

C.　　　 their lack of abilities and unreal expectations

D.　　 the individual’s lack of information and preparation

80. College graduates overstate their abilities because they want to _______.

　　　 A. get the job　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. attract more companies

　　　 C. get a higher payment　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. obtain a large number of candidates

81. According to the passage, ____________.

　　　 A. an individual’s expectations are inconsistent

　　　 B. over half of the college graduates lost their jobs within five years

　　　 C. more than 75% interviewed graduates changed jobs over a 5-year period

　　　 D. one man is not likely to develop an effective and satisfying work role in the company

82. After reading the passage, you may conclude that ___________.

　　　 A. companies like to hire old people

　　　 B. young people like to change their jobs

　　　 C. young people are more likely to change their jobs

　　　 D. young people’s skills and abilities are not needed in companies

D

　　　 Before the 1850’s the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.

Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany, a different kind university had developed. The German university was connected primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of respectable colleges-Harvard, Yale, Columbia-and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty(院系体制). Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by heart were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the PhD, and ancient German degree indicating the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment (造诣), was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research. At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old course of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The idea of major fields of study appeared. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real occupations of the world. Paying close attention to the practical needs of society, the new university trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new social system. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers and teachers.

75. The passage is mainly about ____________-

　　　 A. college education

　　　 B. the training of qualified university presidents

　　　 C. the beginning of modern universities in the US

　　　 D. universities in Germany

76. According to the passage, the seminar system encouraged students to __________.

　　　 A. discuss moral issue

　　　 B. study the classics, rhetoric and music

　　　 C. study overseas

　　　 D. work more independently

77. The word “transform” in the 2^nd paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”.

　　　 A. translate　　　　　　　　　 B. transfer　　　　　　　　　　 C. change　　　　　　　　　　 D. transport

78. Those who favored the new university would be most likely to agree _______.

　　　 A. learning is best achieved through discipline and drill

　　　 B. shaping the moral character of students should be the goal

　　　 C. higher education should prepare students to contribute to society

　　　 D. teachers should select their students’ course

C

　　　 How old is “old”? The answer has changed over the years. Two hundred years ago, you were 35. That was the average life span then. At the turn of this century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life span increased to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.

　　　 So how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all sorts of people. “You are as old (or young) as you feel.” The calendar simply tells you how many years you have lived. Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.

　　　 Old is a point of view. Alice Trophy said, “It makes me angry when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age,’ What does that mean? Is there some model that you’re supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80.”

　　　 There are many myths about aging. Here are some of the more common myths and the facts.

　　　 Myth 1: Most older people are in poor health.

　　　 Fact 1: Not so. There are neither biological nor physiological reasons to connect poor health with growing older. Older people are more likely to be affected with illness but old age itself is not a disease. It is possible to remain physically healthy throughout your life.

　　　 Myth 2: Older people are unable to change.

　　　 Fact 2: Older people are as easily changed in their life-styles as young and middle-aged people. Though sometimes they deal with the very big pressures –death of loved ones or jobs, financial or family problems-they deal wonderfully well. Older people give up smoking and break other bad habits just as successfully as younger people.

71. The article is mainly about ___________.

　　　 A. the average life span　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. aging

　　　 C. people’s health　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. life myths

72. We may know from the article that ___________.

　　　 A. aging does not mean you become unhealthy

　　　 B. older people are not as smart as young people

　　　 C. most older people are physically healthy

　　　 D. your health can tell you how many years you have lived

73. The reason why Alice Trophy got angry was that ________.

　　　 A. she didn’t think she looked young for her age

　　　 B. she hates being thought old

　　　 C. she was 65 but people thought she was 85

　　　 D. there wasn’t a model to follow to judge one’s age

74. Which of the following statement does the second fact support?

　　　 A. Older people have more pressures than younger people.

　　　 B. Younger people break old habits more easily.

　　　 C. Older people are not too fixed to change for new needs.

　　　 D. Younger and middle-aged people have the same problems as older people.