6. Many difficulties have ____ as a result of change over a new type of fuel.

　 A. risen　　　　　　　　　　 B. arisen　　　　　　　　 C. raised　　　　　　　　 D. aroused

5. These are the highest ____ that have ever been given by the government

　 A. distinctions　　　　　 B. acquisitions　　　　　　　 C. expansions　　　　 D. connections

4. Most of the projects ____ by the young engineer on his own.

　 A. are undertaking　　 B. are undertaken　 C. undertaking　　　　　　　 D. undertakes

3. The thirty-storey building is one of the most challenging projects they have ever ____.

　 A. undergone　　　　　　 B. overtaken　　　　　 C. understood　　　　 D. undertaken

2. The students were not ____ to leave the classroom without an adequate reason.

　 A. permitted　　　　　　　 B. admitted　　　　　　 C. hoped　　　　　　　 D. allow

1. Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents didn’t ____ her to do so.　　 A. forbid　 　　 B. allow　 　　　　　 C. follow　　　　　　　 D. ask

6. It is up to sb. to do sth.由某人负责做某事

　 It is up to him to get us together.

　 He has been up for an hour.

　 What is he up to?

　 He is up to the horrible snake.

Exercises:

5. risk 冒…的危险, 冒风险, 冒着…的危险

　 take /run a risk冒风险　 at risk有风险　 at the risk of doing冒着…危险

　 risk doing sth.冒着做某事的危险　　　　 risk one’s life冒着生命危险

4. arise　 vt. 出现,发生,升起　 arose　 arisen

　 How did this quarrel arise?这场争吵是怎么发生的?

　 rise 升起; 上升, 上涨, 增长

　 The sun rises in the east.　 The river has risen.河水上涨了. Prices have risen.物价上涨了.

　 raise　 vt.　 举起,养育,饲养,提高,节蓄　

　 ~ one’s hand　 ~ a family　 ~ cattle　 ~ price　 ~ one’s voice　 ~ a question　 ~ money

　 arouse 唤起, 激发, 引起

　 ~ sb. from sleep唤醒某人　 ~ attention引起注意

3. Another cause of accident is that bicycles are not kept in good condition.

Grammar and Usage:

过去分词和现在分词　 1) 作形容词用 2)作副词用

　　　　　　　　　　 3) 表示被动的和已完成的意义

　　　　　　　　　　 4) 分词作状语其逻辑主语是句中的主语

　　　　　　　　　　 5) 分词的否定形式

知识点归纳：

1) permit sb. to do　　 permit doing　 (allow; forbid)　 permit　 n. 执照

2) undertake　　 undertake a project承担项目　　 undertake to do sth.同意某人做某事

　　　　　　　 Undertake that-clause保证做某事

3) distinction　 n.区别, 差别, 声望

have the distinction(=reputation) of doing sth.享有做某事的荣誉(盛名)

gain / win / obtain / attain distinction(=fame)出名 = become famous

without distinction (= difference)没有区别

make a distinction between A and B = make a difference between A and B 区别A和B

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 = distinguish A from B (between A and B)