摘要:E Rapidly warming climate is likely to seriously change crop yields in the tropics and subtropics by the end of this century and, without adaptation, will leave half the world’s population facing serious food shortages, according to a study to be published on Friday in Science Magazine. The population of this equatorial belt is among the poorest on Earth and is growing faster than anywhere else, the study said. ``The stresses on global food production from temperature alone are going to be huge, and that doesn’t take into account water supplies stressed by the higher temperatures, David Battisti, lead author of the study, said. Battisti, a professor at the University of Washington.cooperated with Rosamond Naylor, director of Stanford University’s Program on Food Security and the Environment.to examine the influence of climate change on the world’s food security. By combining direct observations with data from 23 global climate models that contributed to a Nobel Prize-winning research in 2007, Battisti and Naylor determined that there is greater than a 90 percent probability that by 2100 the lowest growing-season temperatures in the tropics and subtropics will be higher than any temperatures recorded there to date. In the tropics, the higher temperatures can be expected to cut yields of the primary food crops, maize and rice by 20 to 40 percent, the researchers said. The serious climate issues will not be limited to the tropics, the scientists conclude. As an example, they cite record temperatures that struck Western Europe in June, July and August of 2003. The summer-long heat wave in France and Italy cut wheat yields and fodder production by one-third. 56. The direct result of the rapidly warming climate will be . A. food shortages B. the change of weather C. a drop of crop yields D. fast rising of sea water 57. According to David Battisti, . A. the temperature change is the only stress on global food production B. both the temperature change and the lack of water supplies are big problems C. water supplies stressed by the higher temperatures are even more serious D. it’s lucky that water supplies haven’t been stressed yet at present 58. Paragraph 5 tells us the following information EXCEPT that . A. Battisti and Naylor were the Nobel Prize winners in 2007 B. the result comes from the direct observations and data from 23 global climate models C. data from 23 global climate models was a great help to Battisti and Naylor's research D. the temperature in the tropics and subtropics will last till 2100 59. The underlined phrase “to date probably means“ . A. so far B. in history C. up to then D. at any time 60. We can infer from the text that . A.the serious climate issues will influence any place of the world B.Western Europe will suffer the most in crop yields C.half of the population of the world will starve to death by 2100 D.warming climate will not affect other places except the tropics and Europe

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E
  About ten years ago, a young and very successful businessman named Josh was traveling down a Chicago neighborhood street. He was going a bit too fast in his shiny, black, 12 cylinder Jaguar XKE, which was only two months old.
  He was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. As his car passed, no child came out, but a brick sailed out and-WHUMP!-it hit the Jag’s shiny black side door! SCREECH…!!!! Immediately Josh stopped the car, jumped out, seized the kid and pushed him up against a parked car. He shouted at the kid, “What was that all about and who are you? Just what the heck are you doing?!” Building up a head of steam, he went on. “That’s my new Jag, that brick you threw is going to cost you a lot of money. Why did you throw it?”
  “Please, mister, please… I’m sorry! I didn’t know what else to do!” begged the youngster. “I threw the brick because no one else would stop!” tears were streaming down the boy’s face as he pointed around the parked car. “It’s my brother, mister,” he said. “He rolled of the curb(路沿) and fell out of his wheelchair and I can’t lift him up.” Sobbing, the boy asked the businessman, “Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He’s hurt and he’s too heavy for me.”
  Moved beyond words, the young businessman tried hard to swallow the rapidly swelling lump in his throat. Straining, he lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and took out his handkerchief and wiped the scrapers and cuts, checking to see that everything was going to be OK. He then watched the younger brother push him down the sidewalk toward their home.
  It was a long walk back to the black, shining 12 cylinder Jaguar XKE-a long and slow walk. Josh never did fix the side door of his Jaguar. He kept the dent(凹痕) to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at him to get his attention. Feel for the bricks of life coming at you.
67.The boy threw a brick at the businessman’s car because ________.
A.he wanted to ask for some money
B.he envied the brand-new car very much
C.the businessman drove at a high speed
D.he wanted to get help from the driver
68.Which of the following is the right order of the story?
a.The younger brother threw a brick at Josh’s car.
b.The elder brother fell out of his wheelchair.
c.The younger brother begged Josh for help.
d.Josh lifted the elder brother back into his wheelchair.
e.Josh shouted at the younger brother.
A.b,a,c,e,d        B.a,c,d,b,e
C.b,a,e,c,d        D.a,c,b,e,d
69.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Josh was a kind-hearted man.
B.The two kids were Josh’s neighbors.
C.Josh would accept the money from the kids.
D.Josh’s new car broke down easily.
70.According to the passage, we must ________.
A.try to be more understanding seeing others in trouble
B.drive fast in a neighborhood street that is dangerous
C.try to get ready for the trouble in your future life
D.protect oneself from being hurt

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阅读理解

  Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial(商业)computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packaging material. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980's scientists were already communicating using a primitive version of e-mail. While working at a lab in Switzerland Tim Berners-Lee wrote a program, which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea that he was going to write a program that would let academics(学术界人士)from across the world share information on a single site. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP and HTML programs, which formed the basis of the World Wide Web.

  The next year his programs were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programs used his codas to work with different operating systems. New things like web browsers and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000.

  In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly World Wide Web consortium(协会), or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and labs are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can participate equally on the Web.“The Web can help people to understand the way that others live and work. It helps us understand the humanity of people”he says.

(1)From the passage we can infer that Tim Berners-Lee is most probably ________.

[  ]

A.British    B.American

C.Swiss    D.French

(2)The main idea of the passage is ________.

[  ]

A.when the internet came into being

B.how Tim Burners-Lee formed W3C

C.why computers develop so rapidly

D.how the World Wide Web started

(3)Scientists began to communicate using e-mail ________.

[  ]

A.in 1980        B.after the 1980's

C.before 1990    D.in the 1960's

(4)He made up his mind to write a program that would let people from across the world share information on a single site when ________.

[  ]

A.he was a child

B.he studied on Oxford University

C.he formed W3C

D.he worked at a lab in Switzerland

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阅读理解

  E-mail systems at thousands of companies and government offices around the world were attacked by a virus(病毒)called “Melissa” that disguises(伪装)itself as an “important message” from a friend.In spite of a weekend of warnings, more than 50 000 computers at about 100 places around the world have been attacked by the virus, computer security experts said on Monday.

  The virus began to show up last Friday and spread rapidly on Monday by making computers fire off dozens of infected(被传染的)e-mails.Although the virus causes no serious damage to a computer, its effect was far reaching.

  To make matters worse, a similar virus called“Papa”was discovered on Monday.Papa is programmed to send out even more infected e-mails than Melissa.

  The Melissa virus comes in the form of an e-mail, usually containing the subject line “Important Message”.It appears to be from a friend.The body of the e-mail message says, “Here is that document you asked for...don’t show it to anyone else.”Attached(附)to the message is a document file.

  Once the user opens that file, the virus digs into the user’s address book and sends infected documents to the first 50 addresses.E-mails from the Papa virus include an attached spreadsheet(电子数据文件)file.When the user opens that file, the virus sends 60 infected e-mails.

  The reason why this is spreading so fast is that you are getting it from people you know.You should never open documents or attachments from people you don’t know.People who get an unexpected e-mail with the “important message” subject line should delete it immediately and not open the message.

(1)

Thousands of computers were attacked by the Melissa virus ________.

[  ]

A.

covered with an important message

B.

under cover of a message needing immediate attention

C.

under the clothes of an important e-mail

D.

with a beautiful coat

(2)

The Melissa virus made a computer ________.

[  ]

A.

receive tens of bad e-mails

B.

fire at many sick e-mail messages

C.

send out scores of infected messages

D.

burn with a fire because of many infected e-mails

(3)

After the attack by the Melissa virus a computer ________.

[  ]

A.

was slightly damaged

B.

became entirely out of order

C.

could not send out any e-mail any longer

D.

would have to be thrown away

(4)

If you opened an infected file by Melissa virus, the virus would ________.

[  ]

A.

damage the user’s address book at once

B.

soon spread through the user’s list of address

C.

let the first 50 addresses go out of the computer

D.

change the user’s address book in the computer

(5)

________ gave one an attachment called spreadsheet file.

[  ]

A.

The Melissa virus

B.

The e-mails infected by the Melissa virus

C.

The computer attacked by the virus

D.

The e-mail infected by Papa virus

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阅读理解

    E-mail systems at thousands of companies and government offices around the world were attacked by a virus(病毒)called“Melissa”that disguised(伪装)itself as an“important message”from a friend.

  In spite of weekend of warnings, more than 50,000 computers at about 100 places around the world have been attacked by the virus, computer security experts said on Monday.

  The virus began to show up last Friday and spread rapidly on Monday by making computers fire off dozens of infected(被传染的)e-mails. Although the virus caused no serious damage to a computer, its effects were far-reaching.

  To make matters worse, a similar virus called“Papa”was discovered on Monday.

  Papa is programmed to send out even more infected e-mails than Melissa.

  The Melissa virus comes in the form of an e-mail, usually containing the subject line“Important Message”. It appears to be from a friend. The body of the e-mail message says,“Here is that document you asked for...don't show it to anyone else.”Attached(附)to the message is a document file. Once the user opens that file, the virus digs into the user's address book and sends infected documents to the first 50 addresses.

  E-mails from the Papa virus include an attached spread-sheet(电子数据文件)file. When the user opens that file, the virus sends 60 infected e-mails.

  The reason why this is spreading so fast is that you are getting it from people you know. You should never open documents or attachments from people you don't know. People who get an unexpected e-mail with the“important message”subject line should delete it immediately and not open the message.

(1)Thousands of computers were attacked by the Melissa virus _______ .

[  ]

A. covered with an important message

B. under cover of an urgent message

C. under the clothes of an important e-mail

D. with a beautiful coat

(2)The Melissa virus made a computer _______.

[  ]

A. receive tens of bad e-mail messages

B. fire at many sick e-mails

C. send out scores of infected messages

D. burn with a fire because of many infected e-mails

(3)After the attack by the Melissa virus a computer ________.

[  ]

A. became entirely out of order

B. could not send out any e-mail any longer

C. would have to be thrown away

D. was slightly damaged

(4)If you opened an infected file by the Melissa virus, the virus would ________.

[  ]

A. damage the user's addresses book at once

B. soon spread through the user's list of addresses

C. let the first 50 addresses go out of the computer

D. change the user's address book in the computer

(5) ________ gave one an attachment called spreadsheet file.

[  ]

A. The Melissa virus

B. The e-mails infected by the Melissa virus

C. The computer attacked by the virus

D. The e-mails infected by the Papa virus

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阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中,选出最佳选项。

  Charles Dickens is often thought of as one of the greatest British writers.February 7 marked the 200th anniversary of his birthday.Yet for many, his language is old-fashioned and his stories often improbable.Then why do so many people know and read Dickens today?

  One reason is the British government's insistence that every child study a Dickens novel at school.Alongside William Shakespeare, Dickens is on every English literature school reading list.

  His stories, though often long by today's standards, are great moral tales.They are filled with colorful characters.

  Earlier this month, a ceremony was held in Portsmouth, where Dickens was born.Prince Charles said at the ceremony:"…(Dickens)used his creative talents to campaign passionately for social justice…His characterization is as fresh today as on the day it was written."

  His books stand out from many other writers because of his insight(洞察力)into human nature.Dickens, like Shakespeare, tells us truths about human behaviour.They are as true in the 2Is1 century as they were to his readers in the 19th century.

  Readers have returned to Dickens' books again and again over the years to see what he has to say about their own times.

  No surprise then that it was Dickens whom Britons turned to during the economic crisis in the last couple of years.Dickens helped them make sense of a world that was rapidly falling apart.The BBC adapted one of his less well-known novels, Little Dorrit, into a popular television drama that introduced many Brits to the novel for the first time.A dark story about greed and money, it was the perfect illustration of bad times.

  As long as Dickens' novels have something to say to modern audiences, it seems likely that he will remain one of Britain's best-loved writers.

(1)

In the article, the author intends to tell us ________.

[  ]

A.

why Dickens' novels still appeal to readers in modern times

B.

that Dickens' works are no longer popular among young people

C.

why the British government puts Dickens on school reading lists

D.

that Dickens and Shakespeare's works are required for study at school

(2)

In Britain, people still read Dickens because of.

a)romance in his books

b)moral value in his books

c)his colorful characters

d)his insight into human nature

e)government education requirement

f)his description of the current economic crisis

[  ]

A.

abdf

B.

bcde

C.

bdef

D.

abed

(3)

We can infer from the article that ________.

[  ]

A.

it's better to read Dickens in time of difficulty

B.

Dickens was a great social observer of his time

C.

human nature seems worse during bad times

D.

Dickens predicted economic crisis would happen

(4)

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

[  ]

A.

Dickens' novels are still of realistic significance to today's world.

B.

Dickens' novels are of greater value during economic crisis.

C.

Dickens' works have gained more popularity than Shakespeare's.

D.

Some of Dickens' less well-known novels have been discovered recently.

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