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“进化”不了的爱
孙君飞
进化论包含着残酷的丛林法则，也隐含着生命的自私自利性。一个生命个体要想很好地生存下去，必须要将自己变得更优秀，学会“排他”，否则优胜劣汰的只能是自己。不过，人们在观察工蜂时，惊讶地发现，它们并未受到进化论的影响，它们混沌若当初，或者说它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神，这使它们成为生命进化中的另类。
工蜂属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能够产卵，也只是没有受精的卵，因此它们自身没有繁殖能力。这种缺陷可怕而又不幸，然而工蜂对此无动于衷，甘愿终身携带着缺陷而生，从未奢望将自身进化得更完美更强悍。值得称道的是，工蜂的适应性反而很强大，它们拥有相当厉害的武器——毒刺，刺上长有倒钩，一旦“亮剑”就不能回收利用。工蜂的毒刺是不折不扣的双刃剑，在伤及侵害者的同时，自己的生命也面临着终结。
蜜蜂家族中令人难以置信的社会结构更加震惊着世人的心灵，在这里一切都那么井然有序，合乎“法则”，一切又那么一往情深，合乎“生命之爱”。蜜蜂的利他主义行为也许会让达尔文难以理解，失去繁殖能力却能够将各种特征和习性一代代传承下去的工蜂可能更让达尔文目瞪口呆吧。答案其实很简单，一切都源于蜜蜂与众不同的遗传结构。换言之，存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强，只有它们才会驱使工蜂去鞠躬尽瘁地照顾其它跟自己具有相同基因的生命，甚至为对方牺牲自己，却无怨无悔。
蜂后产下的受精卵天生高贵，常常会孵化出雌性幼蜂，而延续高贵的办法只有一个：它们只有食用了工蜂分泌的蜂王浆之后，才能发育成具有生殖能力的小蜂后，否则它们在长大后依然属于工蜂——从出生时开始，便将生命献给蜂群、终日辛劳的工蜂！
由于小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同，从身形外貌上看，彼此也几乎一模一样，这也许使工蜂顿感一阵甜蜜而幸福、神圣而自豪的恍然：站在我面前的，莫不是又一个“我”？我由此获得了新生，得到了永恒……工蜂在含辛茹苦喂养小蜂后的过程中，彼此的血缘关系升至最亲密最牢固。它们原本不是毫不相关的两个，而是见证生命延续、利他友爱的两个。因为相同的基因存活在它们的生命之中，工蜂在潜意识里将蜂后看得比自己的生命更为重要，为了对方、也为了另一个“我”和“我们”，它们可以在必要时完全放弃自己现实的生命及其未来。
（选自在《思维与智慧》有删节）
下列关于“工蜂”的表述，不符合原文意思的一项是
A．作为生命个体，工蜂的生命隐含着自私自利性，要想不被淘汰，它必须将自己变得更优秀，学会“排他”。
B．工蜂之所以成为生命进化中的另类，是因为它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神，并未受到进化论的影响。
C．工蜂的适应性很强，尾部长有倒钩的毒刺是相当厉害的武器，在伤及侵害者的同时，工蜂的生命也意味着终结。
D．从出生开始，就为蜂群而终日辛劳的工蜂，能把各种特征和习性一代代传承下去，靠的是与众不同的遗传结构。
下列有关“蜜蜂繁殖"的表述，符合原文意思的一项是
A．蜂后是具有生殖能力的雌性蜂，产下的受精卵天生高贵，孵化出雌性幼蜂，幼蜂长大以后就成为新一代蜂后。
B．工蜂自身没有繁殖能力，属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能够产卵，也只是没有受精的卵，不能孵化幼蜂。
C．存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强，它驱使工蜂分泌蜂王浆，鞠躬尽瘁地照顾和自己具有相同基因的“孩子”。
D．蜂后负责产卵，工蜂负责喂养幼蜂，因而小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同，身形外貌上也几乎一模一样。
下列根据原文信息所作的推断，不正确的一项是
A．采粉、酿蜜、饲喂幼虫的工蜂是蜂群的主体，儿歌唱的“小蜜蜂，整天忙，采花蜜，酿蜜糖”，指的就是工蜂。
B．蜜蜂家族一切都井然有序，合乎“法则”，合乎“生命之爱”，人类如果借鉴了这种社会结构．可能会更有利于社会和谐。
C．为了蜂后和后代，工蜂不惜牺牲自己，是因为它们有奉献精神，潜意识里将蜂后和后代看得比自己的生命更重要。
D．工蜂一生从事的是利他的事业，而不是优化自己的结构来繁衍后代，从这一点来看， 达尔文的进化论“适者生存”不科学。
查看习题详情和答案>>| Two out of every five species on the planet that have been estimated by scientists face extinction. This figure comes from the latest World Conservation Union Red List of Endangered Species, published this week. In all, 16,119 animal and plant species are in danger of extinction. “From the poles(地球的两个极点) to the desert, species loss is increasing, not slowing down”, says IUCN director-general Achim Steiner. The main cause, as ever, is people, both directly and indirectly. While hunting and habitat(栖息地) loss continue to have a serious effect on species numbers, global warming is another threat. In the polar regions (极地)，the summer sea ice that polar bears depend on is rapidly disappearing, and the latest estimates suggest that the ice will be reduced at least by fifty percent in area over the next century. Although polar bears are strong swimmers, yet large numbers of them will starve or drown as global warming melts the Arctic’s ice sheets. The world’s deserts may be expanding, but the animals that live in and around them are not faring well. It’s particularly difficult for the endangered species of the extreme habitat to recover their numbers. Meanwhile, our increasing demand for fish and water is placing the species in rivers and oceans in great danger. As shallow-water fish stocks get reduced, fishermen’s dropping nets and lines into deeper waters are taking their toll on species there. “This trend can’t be stopped. Environmentalists alone can not save the world’s species in danger”, says Steiner, “but conservation (保护) can work. It must become the responsibility of everyone to act”. 1 All the following statements are the causes of animal extinction except ______. A. hunting and habitat loss B. increasing demand for fish and water C. the expanding of world’s deserts D. global warming 2. According to the passage, which of following statements is TRUE? A. Only the species of the poles and deserts are facing extinction. B. As a result of the globe warming, polar bears will get more food. C. Fishermen’s fishing in deep oceans increases the toll of species. D. It will not take a long time for species of extreme habitat to recover their number. 3. What’s the best title of the passage? A. Serious Effects of Global Warming on Species B. More and More Animal Species Face Extinction C. The Endangered Species D. Save the World’s Species in Danger |
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仔细阅读下面的短文，短文中有10个空格或画线句子。请按照每小题括号内的具体要求完成语法填空、词形变化、句子合并、句子改写以及病句改正等。
Paris has the Eiffel Tower(艾菲尔铁塔), [1] Rome the Colosseum(圆形大剧场), New York the Statue of Liberty．(将后面的两个省略句还原, 并用合适的连词连接起来)These symbolic landmarks are recognizable worldwide．
Brussels(布鲁塞尔)meanwhile has the Manneken Piss(撒尿小童)．Think of the Belgian(比利时的)capital and if anything, you think of the small peeing(撒尿)boy－a 60centimeter high bronze figure standing on a block, [2]_________(supplied/supplying/to supply)a constant stream of water to the basin under him．
Some might laugh．But for Jacques Stroobants, the statue is up there with the best of them．“I am proud[3] _________(介词)him．People come from all around the world to see him, ” said 60year old Stroobants [4]and glanced at the little boy．(改写画线句子)
As [5] _________(冠词)most famous landmark of Brussels, Manneken Piss has a very special place in the heart of Belgians．
The original Manneken Piss[6] _________(短语动词)to 1388, but the statue tourists see today dates from 1619 when the city built a second one, after the original was destroyed．
[7]There are many stories surrounded the legend of Manneken Piss．(改正错误)?Nobody knows why he was created．One story is that he saved Brussels by putting out the flames of a deadly fire with his well aimed wee wee(小便)．But the most[8] _________(believe)story is [9] _________(引导词)the boy－the son of a wealthy nobleman(贵族)－was missing and kidnapped(绑架)．The father had a statue built in honor of the way his son was found[10] _________(pee)against a tree．
从下面所提供的两个写作任务中选择一个，将内容书写在答题卷上。
A．假如你是上海某中学学生何琳，美国一所中学将于今年暑假组织学生来你校开展交流活动。活动期间，Catherine将借住你家。请你代表家人写～封信，对她的到来表示欢迎，并告知有关活动安排。信的内容要点如下：
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时间 |
活动安排 |
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第一天 |
了解学校课程开设、学生学习情况等 |
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第二天 |
游世博园 |
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晚上 |
逛街、品风味小吃或看电视、玩游戏、聊天 |
注意：
1．词数：120左右：
2．可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯：
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。（如选择此篇写作，请把F面所给出的开头和结尾抄在答卷纸上）
参考词汇：世博园World Expo Park
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I am glad to learn that you are coming to China and will stay at my home.
………
Looking forward to your coming!
Yours truly,
He Lin
B．You have just got an email from your E-pal, Lily, who told you about her trip to the amazing theme park newly set up in her city. She wondered what your dream theme park is. Write a reply of 100-120 words.
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假如你是李华，曾经在美国留学三年，今年回国。你在Tutor.com网站上看到一则广告——现住北京的美国Smith夫妇想给他们的两个孩子找一个汉语家教。你很感兴趣，随即向Smith夫妇写一封正式英文书信。信的内容包括以下要点：
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Location |
北京 |
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Name |
李华 |
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lh137@hotmail.com |
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Strengths |
● 母语是中文，可以说流利的英语 ● 有家教的经验 ● 热心、开朗、有耐心…… |
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Questions |
● 工作时间 ● 报酬 |
注意：1. 文章应包括表格里的所有信息，可适当发挥。
2. 信件的开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。
3. 词数：120左右。
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Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith, |
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I am writing to apply for the job as a tutor, which I saw advertised on the Tutor.com last |
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week. I would be interested in teaching the children Chinese. |
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Looking forward to your reply. |
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Yours sincerely, |
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Li Hua |
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