How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient’s body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.

What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.

Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.

A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional（横截面）view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”, giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.

Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays.

CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.

What is NOT true of a CAT scan?

A．It is safer than regular X rays.

B．It makes use of computer techniques.

C．It can stop the action of an organ for a short time.

D．It gives clear pictures of active, moving body parts.

The underlined words “a foreign object”（Para 3）most probably refer to      .

A．a badly injured part inside the body

B．a new thing that is unknown to the doctor

C．a strange organ that has grown in the body

D．an object that gets inside the body by chance

What is the special use of the latest CAT scanners?

A．It provides clear photos of moving organs.

B．It can take 3-dimension（三维）pictures of inside organs.

C．It won’t cause serious skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.

D．It helps to find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening it up.

We can infer from this passage that      .

A．patients in front of CAT may suffer from a bit of radiation

B．doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners

C．CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines

D．CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it

The best title of this passage might be        .

A．the Newest Medical Invention

B．New X-ray Machine to Save Lives

C．How to Avoid the Damage of X Rays

D．Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT Scanners

1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist.So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.

The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different processs. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travellers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.

In about 1840, the process was improved. Now photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States, where from the 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.

Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality.

Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible

In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film readymade in rolls. So they did not have to make the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later, meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.

With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favourite places. They called these pictures "snapshots".

Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings.

Photography had turned into a form of art by the beginning of the 20th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

1.The passage is mainly about______________.

A．the invention of cameras

B．a kind of new art -- photography

C．the development of photography

D．the different uses of cameras in history

2. The first pictures of a war were taken by ____________.

A．a French photographer in the 1840s

B．an American photographer in the 1860s

C．a German reporter in the 1880s

D．a French artist in the 1890s

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the photography in the 19th century?

A．It was mainly based on the invention of the first photograph.

B．Photographers were popular in the United States because they carried lots of equipment.

C．Photographers used to make film themselves and developed it immediately after taking a photo.

D．Small handheld cameras made it possible for anyone to become a gifted photographer.

4.In which order are the following statements mentioned in the passage?

a. Photographs became popular in newspapers.

b. Photographers carried processing equipment when taking pictures.

c. The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier.

d. Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype.

e. Brady took pictures of famous people.

A．e,a, d, b, c                             B．d, b, e, c, a

C．b, e, c, a, d                             D．d, c, e, a , b

5. Photography can also be an art form because artists can ____________.

A．take anything they like

B．keep a record of real life

C．take photos of the famous

D．show ideas and feelings in pictures

E

Computer mouse is no longer so strong. A Canadian engineer has invented a system that enables a computer user to push a cursor（光标）across a screen simply by moving his or her nose .He calls his nose-driven mouse a mouse.

The inventor ,Dmity Gorodnichy ,came up with the idea for the mouse while building computer software that would help astronauts operate the Canadarm—a long robotic arm on the U.S. space shuttle .His system employs a web-camera that recognizes a computer user’s nose from 25 pixels ,or points of light. Dmity chose the nose because its position remains relatively constant no matter which way the head moves .The system keeps track of the pixels, and the user matches the movements of his or her nose with the progress of the cursor across the screen.

The mouse keeps track of the eyes too. Two blinks（眨眼）are a “double click,” which turns the mouse on or off.

The mouse has received mixed comments from those who hold opposite opinions. One called it “a pointless waste of technology” . Another predicted that the nouse will fail to catch on because it makes users “look silly.” Dmity has already adapted the nouse for NousePong, a video game ,and NousePaint ,a drawing program.

He also predicts that the mouse will attract the people who have suffered from specific disease-pain ,senselessness ,or trembling in the hand caused by the frequent repetition of movements of the wrist and fingers ,such as typing at a computer keyboard .His next plan is to adapt the nouse for use by paralyzed（瘫痪）patients in hospitals .With two blinks of the eyes ,patients could double-click for help.

72．The best title for this passage is probably      .

A．Mouse Driven by Nose

B．Cursor Moved Without fingers

C.New Computer System for Astronauts

D．New Type of Mouse for Patients

73．The nouse is a system working by means of          .

A．keeping track of the points of light

B．moving one’s nose or blinking

C.moving cursor across the screen

D．matching the user’s nose with eyes

74．The underlined phrase “catch on” means “       ”.

A．become popular     B．be used      C.get improved        D．be made

75．Dmity predicts that the nouse will be more used to help          .

A．those who have eye trouble

B．develop a video game and drawing program

C.those traveling in space

D．the disabled with the hand and paralyzed patients

 Something is wrong with his camera. It can’t be _______ to take photos in cloudy conditions.

   A. adapted    B. adjusted     C. adopted     D. contradicted

It was a cold winter afternoon. Robert stopped for a moment as he crossed the bridge and looked down at the river below. There were hardly any   36   on the river. Near the bridge, however, almost direct below,   37   was a small canoe (独木舟), with a boy in it. The boy was wearing  38   and shivering (颤抖) with cold, Robert noticed.  Just then he heard a cry, “Help! Help!” The cry   39   from the river. Robert looked down. The boy was   40   the water and his canoe was floating away. “Help! Help!” he called again.

Robert was a good   41  . Taking off his clothes, he  42   into the river. The   43   water made him tremble all over,   44   in a few seconds he reached the boy. “Don’t be afraid,” he said and started to swim towards the river bank,  45   the boy with him. But at that   46   he noticed a large motor boat under the bridge. There were several people on the boat, all   47   in his direction. Robert   48   to swim towards the boat.

“Give me a hand,” he shouted   49   he got near the boat. He   50   up into a row of faces. “It’s funny,” he thought. “They look so   51  .” Silently they helped the boy into the boat and   52   him in a blanket (毯子). But they did not move to   53   Robert.

“Aren’t you going to pull me   54  , too?”

“You!” said one of the men. Robert noticed that he was standing next to a large   55  . “You! Why, we were making a film and you spoiled (破坏) a whole afternoon’s work! You can stay in the water!”