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Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.
In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
查看习题详情和答案>>Last year my wife and I spent a most interesting month in Turkey. Before we left, we were reminded of the difficulties of driving in Turkey. We certainly did not find this to be the case and, except for a few places in faraway mountainous areas, the roads were wide, and well-paved (铺). We drove for 12 days along the Western Coast of Turkey and had no problems at all. We found the Turkish drivers very polite and well-educated. We also found that eating lunch in the smaller towns was difficult so we picnicked almost every day.
The following day after our arrival was Turkey’s Children’s Day, started by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Ataturk loved children and he often said, “Children are a new beginning of tomorrow.” He even devoted the day 23rd of April to the children which today is celebrated as Children’s Day as well as the date when the Republic of Turkey was founded.
On that day certain children are picked to take over the places of the government, and a lucky kid will be the president of Turkey for a whole day. He can decide what’s going to happen and whether or not he is going to have the president next to him. There are a very large number of possibilities of things he can do but some shops aren’t open because they are celebrating the day as well.
All in all, it was a more enjoyable trip. I would recommend (推荐) a trip to Turkey to anyone with an adventurous spirit!
1.Before the author and his wife went on a trip to Turkey, they were told that ________.
A. it was difficult to travel in Turkey
B. it was not easy to drive in Turkey
C. the streets in Turkey were dangerous
D. there were many mountain roads
2.What do we know from the first paragraph?
A. Places in mountainous areas were difficult to reach.
B. It took the couple 12 days to drive to Turkey.
C. The Turkish drivers had good manners.
D. It was difficult to eat meals in Turkey.
3.The underlined word “He” in paragraph 3 refers to “________”.
A. everyone of us B. the government
C. the president of Turkey D. the lucky child
4.What can be inferred(推断) from the passage?
A. The couple had little difficulty making their way in Turkey.
B. Turkey doesn’t celebrate International Children’s Day.
C. The author joined in celebrating Turkey’s Children’s Day.
D. On Turkey’s Children’s Day, everyone had holidays.
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阅读理解
In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by “small talk”. Small talk means the little things we talk about at the start of a conversation. In English-speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather, “Nice day, isn't it?” “Terrible weather, isn't it?” But there is something special about small talk. It must be about something which both people have the same opinion about. The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something. This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a safe topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk in English. The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place. At football matches, people make small talk about the game they are watching, “Great game, isn't it?” At bus-stops, people may comment about the transport system, “The bus service is terrible, isn't it?”
Greetings and small talk are an important part of conversation in any language. The way people greet each other and the things they talk about, however, may be different from one language to another. This shows that there is much more to learn when we learn a language than just the vocabulary and the grammar of the language. We also have to learn the social behavior of the people who speak it.
(1)Small talk _______.play the role of the doctor
[ ]
A. is a kind of conversation with short words
B. is a greeting when people meet each other
C. is to let people disagree about something
D. is something we talk about to start with a conversation
(2)The favorite topic of small talk is about _______.
[ ]
(3)The passage suggests that when we learn a language _______.
[ ]
A. we should learn about the transport system of the country
B. we should only master the grammar, and vocabulary
C. we should know the culture about the country
D. we should grasp the importance of the language
(4)When we say “Great game, isn't it?”, we in fact _______.
[ ]
A. ask a question
B. have a conversation
C. greet each other
D. begin a small talk
(5)What we learn from the passage is that _______.
[ ]
A. different language has different grammar
B. small talk is an important part in a language
C. small talk depends on the purpose of the conversation
D. in English-speaking countries we should talk about the weather
查看习题详情和答案>>短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（
），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our English Corner. This Corner was set up three years before. Every Sunday morning, students from different schools gather around here. Many college students or some foreigners often join us. We practise spoken English by talk about everything we are intrersted. We also exchange our experience in English study. We all have a good time here. Thousand of people have been here when it was set up.
We think that they have learned a lot by taking part in activities here. It is a really supplement to our English class and it is welcome by students, their parents and teachers.
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