摘要：1)是名词 seeing is believing 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 一)动名词的形式: 一般形式:I don't like you smoking. 完成形式:I regret not having taken your advice. 被动形式:This question is far from being settled. 二) 动名词常考的点 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. I would appreciate back this afternoon． A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling(Key:C your calling 也对) I regret not having taken your advice. 4)有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法: it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式.意义截然不容. I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) forgot与remember的用法类似. I regret to inform you that- 我很遗憾地通知你- I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾. try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算.想]我想去.但我父亲不让我去. To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力. prefer的用法: 我宁愿在这里等. I prefer to wait here. (所以啊.你不介意的话.我就等下去.) I prefer waiting here.(我正在这里等.我就喜欢这么做.) I prefer swimming to cycling. (这个句子里面就不能用不定式了.) 3 分词: 现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 现在分词的形式: 1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean? 2)完成形式:Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. 3)完成被动形式:Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 过去分词 1) 过去分词表示被动:Fight no battle unprepared. 2)过去分词的进行形式:You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. 这三种非谓语动词.都可以构成复合结构.非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语.他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动.往往就是考点.独立主格结构中.要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系. 二:虚拟三:虚拟语气 情态动词所表达的可能性程度:must/can't à should/shouldn't à might/may (not) 另外两个"类情态词的形式:"need/needn't; have to/don't have to v 最自然的虚拟状态:由should/would+原型时态 本质上是过去将来时:即.时间固定在过去将来.状态不同:一般.进行.完成.完成进行. 这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该--" I should go! (- but I'm still here!) I should be working now! I should have practiced more ! 我应该多多练习!(言下之意.现在我练习得不多.) I shouldn't dream away my time too much! (actually I did dream away my time too much!) It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time! I may/might/could have finished! 一些常见的句型中.就会出现这种虚拟语气.而处于从句之中.should 常常被省略掉 o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan; o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide; o require, request; o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect. 由于他们的含义中包含"建议.假设.应该"这类的含义.所以.由他们引起的从句中.就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气. 这些动词(以及他们的名次形式.分词形式)引起的从句还有其他的变形: 主语从句.表语从句.同位语从句 It's suggested that- My suggestion is that- The only suggestion that... The only suggestion I can give you now is that- 一些形容词引起的表语从句中.也会有同样的情况 important; necessary; essential It's natural ; strange; incredible that a pity; a shame; no wonder Ø 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should v 表达与事实相反1. 与现在相反:使用[过去时]: I wish I were not here! Suppose we were not here. He loved me as if I were his own son. Hope I weren't always losing things! If only/If I hadn't been there! What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行à过去完成进行) 常考句型:It's -; would rather - 这两个从句.只能表达对现在的看法.所以.从句中只有一般过去时.

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