CANYOUIMAGINEHOWHARDITWOULDBETOREADSENTENCESLIKETHIS? The ancient Greeks wrote this way. The lack of punctuation marks(标点符号) probably didn’t bother good readers, though. As they read, they just put pauses where they fit best. Also at this time, sentences switched directions. A sentence read from left to right. The next one read right to left, and then left to right again, etc.

The ancient Romans sometimes punctuated like this: They·put·a·point·between·each·word·in·a·sentence. The word punctuation actually comes from this idea and the Latin word punctum, which means a prick(刺).

         When the 5^th century arrived, there were just two punctuation marks: spaces and points. The space separated words and while the points showed pauses in reading. Then in the 13^th century, a printer named Aldus Manutius tried to standardize punctuation. He always used a period for a complete stop at the end of a sentence. He used a slash (/) to indicate a short pause. Over time, that slash was shortened and curled, and it became the modern comma.

         Since that time, other marks have enlarged the punctuation family. The exclamation mark comes form the Latin word xt. It was originally formed by putting an upper-case(大写字母) I on the lower-case xt. The Latin word xt means “exclamation of joy.” The question mark originally started out as the Latin word question, meaning question. Eventually, scholars put it at the end of a sentence to show a question. Over time, it became a symbol formed by putting a lower-case q on an o.

           Punctuation is still changing today. New marks are coming into existence, and old punctuation marks are used in new ways. Take for example, the “interrobang.” This 1962 invention combines the question mark and exclamation mark for times when writers want both. For example, “She did what‽” or “How much did you pay for that dress‽” Obviously, the interrobang is not widely used or recognized – yet. But its invention shows that English is not yet finished with its punctuation.

1.Which of the following is a comma?

A. ,                              B. :                               C.    ;                           D. !

2.What’s the first paragraph mainly about?

A. The history of punctuation.

B. The introduction of punctuation.

C. The very beginning of punctuation.

D. The ancient Greek way of writing without punctuation.

3.Please put the following events in the order they happened.

a. The exclamation mark and question mark came into the punctuation family.

b. Comma came into existence.

c. Romans put a dot between words to separate words.

d. A period was used to end a sentence.

e. The “interrobang” was invented.

A. cbdae                     B. dcbae                     C. dbcea                     D. cdbae

4.What is the most possible situation for “She did what‽”?

A. You are told she gave her baby boy a good beat.

B. You are wondering what she did to save the poor boy.

C. You want to know what she did for a living after fleeing to a foreign country.

D. You demand someone else tell you what in the world happened to her.

5. According to the article, we learn ________.

A. punctuation didn’t come into being until the 5^th century.

B. no one can really tell what new marks we may have in the future.

C. the invention of “interrobang” is a failure since it is not widely used.

D. both the exclamation mark and the question mark come from Greek words.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we have never been before.

But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line .__ 1.___ Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.

For anything you’re about to send : ask yourself , “Would I say this to the person’s face?” if the answer is no, rewrite and reread.__ 2._____

If someone in the chat room is rude to you , your instinct(本能)is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.__ 3.__ If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it .Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.

___4._ Offer advice when asked by newcomers , as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate .When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it .If it is a small mistake , you may not need to say anything .Even if you feel strongly about it , think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else.

___5.___ At the same time ,if you find you are wrong , be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended.

It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age,sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions .

A．It’s natural that there are some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online .

B．Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.

C．Everyone was new to the network once.

D．The basic rule is simple : treat others in the same way you would want to be treated .

E. When you send short messages to a person online , you must say something beautiful to hear.

F. You should either ignore the person,or use your chat software to block their messages.

G. If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake , point it out politely .

Dieters' who eat meals high in protein might lose a bit more weight than those who get less protein and more carbohydrates (碳水化合物)一all other things being equal, a new analysis of past studies suggests. Researchers found that over an average of 12 weeks, people having a high一protein diet lost about 1.8 extra pounds, and more body fat, than those having a standard-protein diet.

Wycherley from the University of South" Australia in Adelaide, the lead author on the study says it’s possible that the body may spend more energy and bum more calories while dealing with protein, compared to carbohydrates. Another explanation for the link his team observed is that eating protein helps preserve muscle mass and muscle mass bums more calories, even when the body is resting, than other types of mass. He says people in the studies tend to get protein from a variety of animal and vegetable sources. Vegetable sources of protein include beans.

It is not obvious why a higher protein-to-carbohydrate ratio might help people lose more pounds——and one obesity researcher not involved in the new analysis questioned whether the trials were strong enough to make that conclusion. “The studies are generally far too short to tell effect,” Dr. James Levine from the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona, told Reuters Health in an e-mail. But given the limitations of the present evidence, Levine said, “It makes no real difference which of the weight-loss ways one chooses.”

1.According to Wycherley’s analysis, dieters should take in more ______.

A. fat         B. carbohydrates       C. protein D. calories

2.What can we learn from the studies?

A. It bums more calories to deal with carbohydrates.

B. Protein helps keep muscle mass which bums calories.

C. Vegetables contain more protein than animals.

D. No more calories are burned while the body is resting.

3.What is Levine’s attitude towards the conclusion of the studies?

A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Curious. D. Agreeable.

Section C

Direction：Read the following text and choose the most suitable summary from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra summary which you do not need.

A. Promotion by the press and media.

B. Foreign influences into British cuisine.

C. The variety of British cuisine.

D. The effect of history and climate.

E. Traditional meals for different times of the day.

F. International awards to British cuisine.

1 ______

They say a country’s cuisine（烹饪） is a reflection of its culture and national character. Therefore, the UK has always been a diverse country, since every region has its own traditional foods. For example, traditional Scottish cuisine is famous for its robust character： haggis, Aberdeen Angus beef, shortbread and whisky. Wales is well known for its lamb and leeks. Ireland is synonymous with Guinness, Irish whiskey and Irish stew.

2 ______

There are of course dishes common to the whole UK as well. Everyone （except vegetarians） likes a full English breakfast in the morning, followed by a Sunday roast for lunch, perhaps followed by fish and chips or a pork pie for dinner. For dessert, there are dozens of famous British cheeses to choose from.

3 ______

British cuisine has had a better international reputation for the last decade or so. Why is that？One reason is definitely that the wide range of ethnic groups in the UK has given British cuisine new ingredients, flavours, combinations and techniques. Curry, which is originally an Asian dish, is now officially the most popular food in the UK, whereas sandwiches used to be the most popular. With significant numbers of Polish people coming to the UK recently, Polish food shops can be found in almost every British city. Most cities have a Chinese quarter as well.

4 ______

Another reason for the improvement, however, is the large number of cookery programmes on British television. British people are more educated about food than they ever before. British chefs like Gordon Ramsay and Marco Pierre White are internationally famous and even have television shows in the USA.

5 ______

So what are the results？In 2009, British restaurants received more Michelin stars than in any other previous year. The Michelin Guide （first established in France） sets the international standard for restaurant cuisine. With so much good food to eat, perhaps it is not surprising the UK now has an obesity problem.

Facebook means never having to say goodbye． The social media website has earned a reputation for reconnecting old friends． Last week,  a guy whom I hadn't seen since my bachelor party five years ago sent me a friend request． I accepted and waited for "Easy E" to send me a greeting of some kind． He had sought me out,  after all．
I learned from his profile that he was in a relationship and had a son． However,  I'm pretty sure we won't ever write wall-to-wall, let alone e-mail each other． But he'll remain a friend of' online until one of us makes a point of' removing the other from his official list．
My pool of friends consists of family members, college buddies, co-workers from past and present,  and friends of' friends． There are 35 in all． If I spent some time uploading old e-mail addresses, I'm confident that I could increase my friend count actually．
A person could make a mission out of' reconnecting with childhood friends, former classmates,  distant cousins, and those one would like to get to know better． And some people can  even handle hundreds of no-screen relationships, keeping up with the daily happenings of'  their small army of' companions． After all, there are worse fates than having too many friends．
Thanks to e-mail, the inability to schedule face-to-face meetings no longer means a friendship must come to a close． But even with e-mail,  people will lose touch if' one or both parties stop writing back． That's normal． People move from school to school,  job to job, city to city．You never have to feel guilty for breaking away．
Every day,the masterminds of' Web 2．0 find new ways of' making human communication easier． However, convenience can be a crutch （拐杖）． Some things shouldn't be simplified．When it comes to friendship,  there can be no shortcuts．
【小题1】According to Paragraph l,  the website is famous because          ．